運動目標取向、競賽特質焦慮與心理技能在桌球表現的相關研究

Relationships between Goal Orientation, Competitive Trait Anxiety and Athletic Psychological Skills of College Students in Table Tennis Performance

陳慧英(Huei-Ying Chen) ； 盧秋如(Chiu-Ju Lu) ； 高全寬(Chen-Kuan Kao) ； 林榮輝(Jung-Huei Lin)

《人文及管理學報》 6期 (2009/11) Pp. 43-62

https://doi.org/10.6177/lam.2009.06.12

摘要

本研究旨在探討運動目標取向、運動競賽特質性焦慮及運動員心理技能，在大專桌球初學者運動表現上的相關性。參與者為140位修習桌球課的大專學生（男生97位，女生43位），平均年齡20.45歲。在桌球課後，請參與者填寫運動目標取向量表及運動競賽特質焦慮量表；接著進行單打比賽。在比賽期間填寫運動員心理技能量表，並以個人在團體內的勝負場總積分作為運動表現指標，所得資料以皮爾遜積差相關和多元逐步迴歸分析處理。結果在相關上顯示：運動目標取向與運動心理技能各向度之間呈現顯著正相關；運動競賽特質焦慮與心理技能之壓力處理及逆境調適、動機間呈現顯著負相關。迴歸分析顯示（一）工作取向可預測壓力處理及逆境調適、動機。（二）自我取向可預測壓力處理及逆境調適、動機、可教導性、專注、自信心。（三）特質焦慮可預測壓力處理及逆境調適、動機、專注。本研究顯示自我取向可預測心理技能的每一個向度，可能的原因是本研究中參與者同為初學者，在技術水平與競爭壓力差異不大的情況下，以打敗對手展現自己能力為目的的自我取向特質，成為預測心理技能的重要因素。

關鍵字

目標取向 ； 競賽特質焦慮 ； 運動心理技能 ； 桌球

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between goal orientation, sport competition anxiety and athletic psychological skills of college students in their table tennis performance. One hundred and forty college students were recruited in the study, 97 males and 43 females with an average age of 20.45 years. All participants completed the Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ) and the Sport Competition Anxiety Test for Adults (SCAT-A) after basic skills classes. Then the participants were assigned to compete with their classmates in terms of single-play games, which was the grading criterion for their performance. During the games, the Athletic Psychological Skill Inventory (APSI) was administered. Pearson product-moment correlation, one-way ANOVA and stepwise multiple regression were used to examine the relationships among the TEOSQ, SCAT-A, APSI, and table tennis performance. Results showed that both sport goal orientation and athletic psychological skills were positively related to each other and that sport competition trait anxiety was negatively related to the motivation, peaking under pressure and coping with adversity in APSI. Regression showed that sport goal orientation and sport competition trait anxiety had predicted partial factors of athletic psychological skills. Specifically, the ego orientation in the TEOSQ had predicted each factor of the ASPI.

並列關鍵字

Goal orientation ； competition trait anxiety ； athletic psychological skill ； table tennis