台北港环境影响评估与水下文物保护－兼论海峡两岸合作的展望

Environmental Impact Assessment and Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in the Port of Taipei, as Well as Prospects for Cooperation between the Two Sides of the Taiwan Strait

邱文彦(Wen-Yan Chiau)

《中国海洋法学评论》 12期 (2010/12) Pp. 1-34

摘要

人类长久以来已能在水面航行与捕鱼，许多水下的文化遗存深度关连了一个族群或地域的文化特征，并蕴藏了人类高度的智慧，应该获得适当的保护。尤其，联合国教科文组织《水下文化遗产保护公约》于2009年1月2日正式生效后，水下文物的保护应予高度重视并妥善规划良善长效的机制。台湾自1994年12月30日通过《环境影响评估法》，实施至今已有十五年经验，但对于文化部分的探讨、调查和评估相较有限；水下文化资产部分更显不足。本论文以台北港为实例，叙论台湾环境保护署在环评过程中，如何将水下文化资产保护的议题纳入考虑，如何促使相关当局采取具体的调查、协商和整合措施。本案堪称台湾制定水下文化资产保护专法前，通过环评体制，要求开发者保护水下文化资产的重要里程碑和典范。另鉴于水下文化资产为人类之共同资产，本论文亦提出未来两岸合作之展望与建议。

關鍵字

水下文化资产 ； 环境影响评估 ； 环境保护署 ； 台湾 ； 台北港

並列摘要

Man has a long history of navigation and fishing and has left countless sites containing underwater cultural heritage (UCH). These cultural remains are closely related to the cultural characteristics of a society and/or a region as well as to the cultural advanced wisdom and thus should be protected. In particular, the UNESCO Convention of the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage came into effect on 2 January 2009. UCH deserves priority, and long-term effective mechanisms need to be established for its protection. Taiwan promulgated the Environmental Impact Assessment CEIA) Act on 30 December 1994. Although with the practical experience for more than 15 years, the exploration, survey, and assessment of cultural heritage are still limited. This is particularly true when considering UCH. Taking the Port of Taipei in Taiwan as a case study, this paper demonstrates and discusses how the Environmental Protection Administration includes the issue of UCH in the EIA process and how it facilitates coordination and integration among related agencies for surveys and protection of UCH in the port area. This case was deemed an important milestone and a model before the enactment of an exclusive UCH law in that a developer was requested to protect UCH through the EIA process. Based on the concept of ”common heritage”, this paper also explores the prospects and proposes recommendations for the two sides of the Taiwan Strait for cooperation and collaboration in protecting UCH.

並列關鍵字

Underwater Cultural Heritage ； UCH ； Environmental Impact Assessment ； EIA ； Environmental Protection Administration ； EPA ； Taiwan ； the Port of Taipei ； Taipei Port