從「婁敬」到「劉文龍」、「劉希必」－論南戲對潮州正字戲之影響

Effects of Southern Drama on Zhengzi Opera of Chaozhou

羅麗容(Li-Zong Luo)

《戲劇學刊》 29期 (2019/01) Pp. 103-135

摘要

元開國以後南戲漸衰，至明成化、正德年間又開始發展起來；明代的南戲，是以流播到各地的溫州雜劇為載體，衍生出各種不同的聲腔。1975年12月中國潮州市鳳堂公社，後龍隴山園地出土了《劉希必金釵記》手鈔本一本，屬於明代宣德年間的文物，故學界稱之為「宣德本《金釵記》」。篇題之名目曰：《新編全像南北插科忠孝正字劉希必金釵記》，也就是《劉希必金釵記》是採用較為通行的正音唸唱表演的，賓白不免摻入少數潮州土音；然從曲牌與文字看，應與南戲密切相關，可以說是南戲流傳到潮州，形成潮劇第一個階段的明證。本文以宣德本《金釵記》為主，現存二十一支佚曲的宋元傳奇《劉文龍菱花鏡》為輔，並參考其他相關的南戲，作多方面的比較研究。發現宣德本《金釵記》至少在五個面向上，保留了早期南戲湮沒的一些面貌，也是宋元南戲傳到明代，產生了變化、發展的最佳證據，同時也說明了一部古代戲曲史，就是每個時代的戲曲不斷地往前拓展、創新所形成的軌跡。據此，所探討宣德本《金釵記》與宋元傳奇《劉文龍菱花鏡》有一脈相承關係的項目如下：一、取材命題方面之影響二、宋元南戲體制之保存三、對早期南戲之接受與劇目的保留四、對《劉文龍》劇情的繼承與改編

關鍵字

宋元明南戲 ； 宣德本《劉希必金釵記》 ； 《劉文龍菱花鏡》 ； 潮州正字戲 ； 潮劇

並列摘要

Southern Drama had declined since Yuan Dynasty and then it revived in the reigns of Cheng Hua and Zheng De of Ming Dynasty. Taking the widespread Zaju (Za Drama) of Wenzhou as the carrier, Southern Drama in Ming Dynasty developed various tunes. In December 1975, a manual copy of Liu Hsi-Pi Jin Chai Ji was excavated in China's Hou Lung Lung Shan Park of Feng Tang commune of Chaozhou City. It was ascribed to the period of Xuan Dein of Ming Dynasty, and thus called in academia the＂ Xuan De version of Jin Chai Ji＂. The full title on the cover page is New Edition of Liu Hsi -Pi Jin Chai Ji of Zhengzi with South and North Cha Ke Zhong Xiao, which means Liu Hsi -Pi Jin Chai Ji was spoken and sung by the popular standard pronunciation, yet unavoidably mingling with few Chaozhou local accent in spoken parts. However, in terms of Qupai (given tunes) and text, it should be closely associated with Southern Drama, and can be conceived as the evidence of the first phase of the formation of Chaozhou Opera as a result of the dissemination of Southern Drama to Chaozhou. This study focuses on Xuan De version of Jin Chai Ji with reference to the available 21 melody-lost pieces of Liu Wen-Lung Ling Hua Jing of the Legends of Sung and Yuan Dynasties and other relevant Southern Dramas. By its comparison with them, Xuan De version of Jin Chai Ji demonstrates at least five dimensions which preserved the fading characteristics of Southern Drama in early times, the most significant witness to the changes and developments of Southern Drama from Sung and Yuan Dynasties to Ming Dynasty. It also illustrates the fact that the history of ancient opera is the trajectory on which an opera of a certain period proceeds to its continuous expansion and innovation in the course of time. Accordingly, the issues by which the continuity from Xuan De version of Jin Chai Ji to Liu Wen-Lung Ling Hua Jing of the Legends of Sung and Yuan Dynasties can be investigated are as follows: 1. Effects in relation to materials and subjects 2. The preservation of the system of Southern Drama of Sung and Yuan Dynasties 3. The acceptance of early Southern Drama and the preservation of its repertoire 4. The inheritance and adaptation of the plot of Liu Wen-Lung

並列關鍵字

Southern Drama ； Hsi -Pi Liu Jin Chai Ji of Xuan De Version ； Wen-Lung Liu Ling Hua Jing ； Zhengzi Opera of Chaozhou ； Teochew Opera

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