戰前臺灣日人商業劇場的黃金時代－以1913年為例之觀察

The Golden Age of Japanese Commercial Theatre in Taiwan during the Pre-War Period: a Case Study of 1913

康尹貞(Yin-Chen Kang)

《戲劇學刊》 30期 (2019/07) Pp. 7-58

摘要

戰前日人商業劇場引進臺灣十數種日本藝能，興盛之程度實不下於臺人之劇場。統計《臺灣日日新報》的「演藝」專欄報導數可發現，1909－1924年間的演藝新聞數量遠高於其他時期，反映出以1910年代為中心，實為日人商業劇場的黃金時代。其中1913年乃是演藝新聞報導數量最多的一年，自然也是劇場時代的巔峰，具有相當之代表性，因此本文選取該年度作為觀察對象。1913年來臺的日本表演藝術種類相當多，包括：歌舞伎、新派、喜劇、浪花節、義太夫、能樂謠曲、落語、講談、奇術、曲馬、琵琶、琴曲、舞踊等。來臺的劇團總數約有30團，巡演時間通常最短為1個月，最長可接近2年，許多表演團體由名家領銜。本年度之劇場大事，首推歌舞伎名家市村羽左衛門一座來臺，次之為義太夫名家竹本大隅太夫來臺，二者皆轟動臺灣劇界。此外，本年度全島各地接連舉辦「討蕃演藝會」，集合各類藝能名家聯合演出，也在島內引起熱潮。本年度也有相當多劇場興築或改建計畫，包括基隆俱樂部、臺北南門龍匣亭、臺北芳乃亭、臺中的臺人與日人劇院等等。從以上各方面可反映日人劇場活動之蓬勃毫不遜於臺人興盛的演劇活動與中國戲班來臺的風潮，因此日人商業劇場絕對是討論日治時期臺灣劇場史非常重要的一部份。

關鍵字

市村羽左衛門 ； 竹本大隅太夫 ； 討蕃 ； 演藝會 ； 日本藝能

並列摘要

During the pre-war years of the Japanese colonialization, more than ten kinds of Japanese performing arts were introduced to Taiwan through Japanese commercial theatre. Its vigorous popularity was no less than that of the local Taiwanese theatre. By counting theatre news on Taiwan Nichinichi Shinpo, the time during 1909-1924 exceeded in number over other periods, evidently reflecting that the 1910s around was the golden age of Japanese commercial theatre in Taiwan. The number of theatre news reached a pick in 1913, a year viewed as a representative of this golden age, and thus chosen to the case for study. The Japanese performing arts introduced in 1913 included kabuki, shimpa, kigeki, naniwabushi, gidayu, yokyoku, kijutsu, kyokuba, rakugo, kodan, biwa, koto, buyo and so on. Thirsty troupes or so came to Taiwan, touring from one month to two years, and many of them were led by famous performers. The head-line theatre news in 1913 was the visits of Ichimura Uzaemon, a kabuki star and of Takemoto Osumi, a gidayu master. In addition, toban engekai, which literally means ＂barbarian conquering gala＂, were held one after another in the whole island, inviting important performers of all kinds to attend. Also in this year, many projects for building and renovating theatres emerged. These phenomena revealed that the Japanese commercial theatre was as flourishing as local Taiwanese theatre. From this perspective, the history of Taiwanese theatre during the Japanese colonial period should take Japanese commercial theatre into an undeniable account.

並列關鍵字

Ichimura Uzaemon ； Takemoto Osumitayu ； toban ； engekai ； Japanese performing arts

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