歷史與田野：臺南藝陣中小戲的故事情節探析

民間表演藝術多元而豐富，尤其藝陣中小戲表演在色彩繽紛的場域中，呈現傳統、古樸的藝術特質，又因為擁有歷史文化的深厚底蘊，經常是節慶和廟會活動中引人入勝的表演團隊。臺南市為臺灣最早開發的區域，廟會活動和藝陣種類都非常多，並且規模龐大、演出頻繁，所以是傳統藝術多元發展的城市。在臺南的廟會慶典活動中，各式各樣的藝陣穿插其間，其中小戲的表演，非常傳統而有特色，例如：車鼓陣、牛犁陣、七響陣等。這些藝陣中的老藝人們不但能歌能舞，且穿插內容詼諧逗趣的口白，不僅成為藝陣中眾人的目光焦點，也保留了我們的傳統文化。臺南藝陣團體中的小戲，就故事內容而言，以男女的愛情故事之數量為最多，本文分析這些情節內容包含以下三種類型：其一，互訴衷情的小戲，就是男女互相愛慕而表達情意；其二，相愛卻「相褒」的小戲，就是男女相愛，卻互相調侃、貶抑對方，引發許多詼諧之趣味性，而取其反意稱為「相褒」，這種種男女愛情的小戲，是受到許多民眾喜愛的；其三，家庭親情的小戲，闡述骨肉親情的情節。其中也有一些小戲的本事，從故事情節之探源，可以分析出臺南藝陣團體中的小戲表演，是保留有明清戲劇情節之遺響，具有重要的歷史意義。本文透過田野調查，對於臺南藝陣中的小戲，進行訪視與錄影紀錄保存，進而對於其戲曲故事情節進行探析，期望此資料能提供相關研究者與戲曲創作者參考。

關鍵字

藝陣；車鼓陣；藝陣小戲；小戲

並列摘要

Folk performing arts are diverse and rich in themselves, especially in those colorful yizhen xiaoxi (the skits or episodes in artistic performance formations) which demonstrate the traditional and unsophisticated artistic qualities. In addition, because they carry historical and cultural heritages, yizhen troupes are often introduced and perform during festivals and religious activities. Tainan, as the first developed city in Taiwan, is full of religious festivals and various yizhen activities with large scales and frequency. We can say this is the city where diverse traditional arts could develop and establish freely. In religious festivals, all kinds of yizhen could be found, and above all xiaoxi performances are traditional and unique, such as Chegu Array, Niuli Array (Cattle-drawn Ploughing Array), Qixiang Array and so on. The senior performers of yizhen could not only dance and sing well, but also speak humorous and fun narrations, which draw all the audience's attention and preserve the traditional culture at the same time. In terms of the story content, most of yizhen xiaoxi in Tainan present romances. The content of the romances could be divided into three types: first, a xiaoxi that expresses loving feelings, in which lovers adore each other and express their feelings toward each other. Second, a xiaoxi that expresses loving but teasing feelings, in which lovers tease and make fun of each other, and that is why this xiaoxi is called sio-po in Taiwanese. This kind of xiaoxi is full of playfulness and humor, and much loved by the audience. Third, a xiaoxi that presents family love. Moreover, when we look closer to some other xiaoxis of yizhen in Tainan, whose story plots could be traced back to the drama of the Ming and Qing dynasties, we can say that xiaoxi is historical significant since it preserves the heritage. The method applied in this study is field investigation, including interviewing and videotaping yizhen xiaoxi in Tainan. Then this paper will move to analyze the story plots. Hopefully, the documented materials and the analyses of them could be sufficient references for researchers in related fields and xiqu dramaturgs.