探究戲劇導覽之操作美學及其挑戰－以國立臺灣歷史博物館常設展「大時代．小劇場」戲劇導覽為例

1980年代「新博物館學」(new museology)蔚為風潮，一反過去以「物」為重，而改以「人」為本的經營理念，重思博物館與觀眾／遊客間溝通的必要性，如何於寓教於樂中維繫應有的博物館教育品質，遂成為「新博物館學」重要理念之一，劇場／表演適時地為博物館提供了此項展演方式，以多元形式來豐富博物館教育活動。近十多年，國內博物館也嘗試融入戲劇來做為宣傳或教育之用，但多為搭配特展或館慶所舉行的演出，較少為常設展規劃常態性的戲劇演出活動。2013年7月至2015年6月，國立臺灣歷史博物館特別為館內常設展規劃了「常設展教育推廣計畫」，研究者帶領國立臺南大學戲劇創作與應用學系團隊參與本計畫，負責常設展「戲劇導覽」的演出，擬透過「戲劇導覽」來深化參觀者對展示內容的認知與瞭解。本研究將分析與反思這兩年計畫執行之歷程與結果，探索身兼演員與導覽員身分的表演者，如何於演出進行中不斷轉化角色來演說歷史；而以展示空間為舞臺的戲劇導覽演出，又如何透過文本與表演來與展示品及參觀者／觀眾進行對話？面對來來往往背景不同的參觀者，演出所要面對的挑戰又是什麼？最後針對戲劇導覽運用於博物館之教育潛能與未來性進行反思與建議，以提供後繼實踐者參考之用。

關鍵字

博物館劇場；戲劇導覽；演導員；參與式劇場；國立臺灣歷史博物館

並列摘要

With the rise of New Museology in the 1980s, museum management and operations began to emphasize ＂people＂ as opposed to ＂objects＂, stressing the importance of communication between museums and their visitors. Museum Theatre has become an effective tool for interpreting museum exhibitions while enriching educational activities, fulfilling the entertainment and quality education functions of museums and satisfying the important concepts of New Museology. In recent decades, museums in Taiwan have attempted to use theatre techniques for outreach and educational purposes. Nevertheless, they are mostly applied during special exhibitions or celebratory events, and only rarely to permanent regular programs. From July 2013 to June 2015, the National Museum of Taiwan History implemented its ＂permanent educational outreach program＂. As project leader of a team from the Department of Drama and Application at National University of Tainan and playwright, the author, played a role in the implementation of this program. The team designed and organized the ＂Docent Theatre＂ performances to enhance visitor understanding of exhibition content. The aim of this study is to examine the processes and results of this project over the past two years, especially how actors who are also docents act out historical dramas and shift their roles to engage visitors. Capturing the attention of the constantly moving crowd with its diversity of demographic characteristics remains a challenge. Lastly, improvements in the implementation of museum theatre in future permanent exhibitions are proposed.