傳統表演藝術在臺灣社會中過去與未來的意義－從扮仙戲表演的分析談起

The Past and the Future of Traditional Performing Arts in Taiwan- An Analysis of Ban-Sian-Si

周彌真

《舞蹈教育》 12期 (2014/09) Pp. 25-38

摘要

本研究探討了扮仙戲的文化背景及在台灣的當代詮釋。扮仙戲在傳統社會中主要的功能是讓請主得以謝神還願；常演出的劇目《三仙會》即有福祿壽三位神仙獻上象徵功名、長壽、財富的物品來祝福請主的情節。本文研究了由最著名的明華園歌仔戲團演出的扮仙戲之編舞及肢體動作。其中特別分析了《三仙會》，結果發現：觀眾偏好鮮豔亮麗的硬體設施及豐富地具技巧的表演動作。此外，本文藉由涂爾幹所提出的『集體意識』來探討扮仙戲的不同面向：「在傳統社會中的文化脈絡」及「當代扮仙戲的意涵」。扮仙戲在臺灣社會中的功能從凝聚民眾感情轉變為休閒時所觀賞藝文表演；此外，喜愛傳統表演藝術的觀眾也藉由此種類型的演出，得以重溫昔日歌仔戲的風采。最後，本文還總結了關於將這樣的表現融入青少年表演藝術課程的一些思考。

關鍵字

歌仔戲 ； 扮仙戲 ； 儀式

並列摘要

This study investigates the cultural contexts and the contemporary interpretation of ＂The Celestial's Dr ama＂ (Ban-sian-si) in Taiwan. In the traditional society, a host held a show of Ban-sian-si mainly to offer gratitude to gods for realizing his or her wishes. The most notable episode of Ban-sian-si is ＂the gathering of three Gods (San-sian-huei) ,＂ which features the scenario where the God of Wealth, the God of Fame, and the God of Longevity offer three objects that symbol ize the Gods themselves to bring blessings to the host . This paper analyzes the choreography and body movements of the Ban-sian-si, especially focusing on San-sian-huei, staged by Ming-Hwa-Yuan Arts and Cultural Troupe, the most famous Taiwanese Opera per forming t roupe. The findings show that the audiences prefer bright, colorful stage hardware facilities and the performance rich in skillful movements. In addition, by integrating Durkheim's discussion on ＂Collective Conscience,＂ this paper looks into the the different aspects of Ban-sian-si: cultural contexts in the traditional society and the contemporary interpretation. It indicates that the functionality of Ban-sian-si in Taiwanese society has been transformed from connecting different groups of people to watching it as a leisure activity. Furthermore, the audiences who like traditional performing arts can relive the essence of Gua-a-he through this type of show. Final l y, this paper also concludes with some reflect ions on incorporating this performance into per forming arts classes for teenagers.

並列關鍵字

Taiwanese Opera ； ban-sian-si ； ritual