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古典社會學三大家的宗教認知及其理論轉化

Religious Cognition and its Theoretical Significance of Marx, Durkheim and Weber

摘要


對於「宗教做為一種社會現象」的理解,古典社會學三大家從日常生活的角度來關涉宗教的存在形式與社會意義,清楚地彰顯了宗教社會學研究的基本意旨。而宗教認知在其知識傳承和理論建構上,似乎也具有若干的啟蒙作用與再造意義。大體而言,對於「宗教做為一種社會現象」所蘊含的社會經濟意義,馬克思在「社會幻象」的指涉下,以「階級關係」的理論分析來解釋;涂爾幹則在「社會事實」的認知下,以一種「集體表徵」的形式與作用,來說明宗教的社會本質;韋伯則以「經濟倫理」的形成,並認為其整體過程即是一種「社會實在」的壑顯,來論述宗教對於社會經濟的變遷所可能具有的解釋意義。

並列摘要


Comprehending the meanings of religion as a social phenomenon, Marx, Durkheim and Weber exhibit the sociological significance of the existent forms and social meanings of religion from the perspective of everyday life. Besides, religious cognitions have specific influence in the process of theoretical constructing efforts of these classic sociological masters. Roughly speaking, as for the theoretical and social meanings of religion as a social phenomenon, Marx viewed it as a social illusion and refers to something about class-relationship; Durkheim recognized it as a social fact, which means a form of collective representation. Weber reveals the themes of religion as a social phenomenon as a social reality, which influence the formation of economic ethic and the process of rationalization.

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