簡朝亮《讀書堂答問．孝經》略探－以書中學生問題為例

A Preliminary Exploration into Chien Chao-Liang's "Questions and Answers to Study Hall, the Classic of Filial Piety"-Take his Students' Questions in Book as an Example

趙詠寬(Yong-Kuan Zhao)

《弘光人文社會學報》 12期 (2010/05) Pp. 1-34

https://doi.org/10.29933/SHSS.201005.0001

摘要

《孝經》是十三經中字數最少的經典，然實踐性高，受歷來帝王重視。但在清末民初，傳統思維受到挑戰，被視為維護封建體系的《孝經》亦難逃此責難。當時康有為、梁啟超等維新派對《孝經》頗不以為然，然康有為之同窗－簡朝亮有不同立場，在動盪之時，傳經授業，對於《孝經》亦有相關著作－《孝經集注述疏》。該書書末附有學生與簡朝亮之答問，這一群學生正處於清末民初思想激盪之時，若檢視他們對於《孝經》的疑問，可看出在該時代簡朝亮的學生之看法。經由本文之整理，學生對於《孝經》的關注有兩大方面：一是在各家注疏解讀上，二是經本身引發之議題。在各家解讀上探討的有：1.尋各注中最佳解釋、2.探各注說法之原因、3.對注疏說法之質疑、4.覓各注的交流融通、5.找異於各注之說法。在經本身引發之議題上有：1.《孝經》年代、作者的問題、2.《孝經》今、古文的探討、3.《孝經》章名、經文的疑慮、4.《孝經》與其他典籍的關聯、5.《孝經》在實務上的討論。這些討論中以在實務上的討論最具時代性，由學生的問題中可見當時《孝經》不被重視或是受到質疑，由問題的收錄來看，可見簡朝亮對此現象已有注意。八十八條問題中，呈現出簡朝亮學生仍相當傳統，然傳統中不失對時代的關懷，亦可見簡朝亮輯這些問題的用心。

關鍵字

簡朝亮 ； 孝經 ； 孝經集注述疏 ； 讀書堂答問 ； 清末民初

並列摘要

Composed of the least number of words in the thirteen classics, ”The Classic of Filial Piety” is yet high in practicality and held the highest regard by the emperors in the past. However, during the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican periods, traditional thinking had been challenged and thus ”The Classic of Filial Piety” was blamed and mistaken as the means of maintaining the feudal system. At that time, Kang Yo-Wei, Liang Qi-Chao and others, the Reform Party, looked down upon ”The Classic of Filial Piety,” whereas Chien Chao-Liang, Kang's classmate, had different perspectives from the above. At upheaval, not only did he pass down ”The Classic of Filial Piety” by teaching, but he also wrote ”the Variorum, Narration on the Classic of Filial Piety.” At the end of his book is attached with the questions and answers between Chien Chao-Liang and his students, who were trapped during the surging upheaval era. Further examining Chien Chao-Liang's students' doubts about ”The Classic of Filial Piety”, we could locate the students' viewpoints. Through clarification, it suggested that his students' focus on ”The Classic of Filial Piety” could be categorized into two aspects: one is the interpretation of different schools' notes, variorum, narration, the other is the issues triggered by themselves. The interpretations of various schools in need of exploration are: 1. searching for the best explanations in each and every note; 2. exploring into the reasons for each and every note; 3. questioning the interpretations of variorum and narration; 4. probing into the interchange and infusion among the notes; 5. telling the difference between interpretations of notes. As to the issues triggered by the Classic itself, there are: 1. in ”The Classic of Filial Piety” era, the author's questions; 2. the modern and ancient discussions on ”The Classic of Filial Piety,” 3. the doubts about the names of chapters and table of contents in ”The Classic of Filial Piety,” 4. the relationship between ”The Classic of Filial Piety” and other classical books; 5. the discussion of practicality on ”The Classic of Filial Piety.” Among these discussions the fifth is the most contemporary. Based on the students' questions, it can be seen that ”The Classic of Filial Piety” was either held with the low regard or doubted at that time. Judged by the anthology of questions, Chien Chao-Liang had already paid attention to the phenomena. Among the eighty-eight questions, despite the fact that Chien Chao-Liang's students were rather conventional, they were still concerned about the contemporary. Thus, Chien Chao-Liang's attention to these questions was revealed herein.

並列關鍵字

Chien Chao-liang ； The Classic of Filial Piety ； The Variorum and Narration on The Classic of Filial Piety ； The Questions and Answers to The Study Hall ； the late Qing Dynasty and early Republican periods