立委選制變遷與選舉競爭地方化

Electoral System Reform and the Localized Electoral Campaign

沈有忠(Yu-chung Shen) ； 許懷仁(Huai-jen Hsu)

《弘光人文社會學報》 20期 (2017/06) Pp. 77-102

摘要

本文針對不同的選舉制度，對區域立法委員之影響加以分析。我國自2008年第七屆立委選舉採用之「並立式單一選區兩票制（MMM）」，與過去所採行的「複數選區單記非讓渡投票制（SNTV-MMD或SNTV）」有很大的差異。特別在區域立委的選舉產生方式，對其代表角色與行為表現上皆產生相當大的影響。一直以來針對區域立委「地方化」現象討論的聲浪接連產生，然而在現今學術相關的研究，多半在於選舉制度改革對政黨體系之影響及選民投票行為之改變的關注較多，而區域立委地方化的情形在學術方面之討論相較匱乏。本文試圖釐清不同選制之下，區域立委地方化的現象與選區地理位置、都會化程度之間的相關性，及候選人是否為現任者、所屬政黨對候選人提出地方化政見比例及內涵的影響。本論文認為，無論是中層層次處理選區地理位置、都會化與否，及微觀層次的候選人現任與否、黨籍差異，在選制變遷下，上述四個控制變數與區域立委政見地方化與否皆產生關聯。

關鍵字

並立式單一選區兩票制 ； 複數選區單記非讓渡投票制 ； 選制變遷 ； 地方化政見

並列摘要

This paper is concerned about the electoral system reform of Legislative Yuan in 2008 and the localized campaign. The parliamentary electoral system in Taiwan was reformed from the ＂Multi-Member Districted, Single Non-Transferable Vote, SNTV-MMD＂ to the ＂Mixed Member Majority, MMM＂. The electoral campaign was also changed under the new electoral system. Legislators focus on constituency services and localized issues under the MMM. This paper tries to point out that legislators will pay much attention on constituency services and localized issues in candidate-centered district elections. However, it will be still difference under following four variables: geography, urbanization, party membership, and incumbents or not.

並列關鍵字

Mixed Member Majority ； Multi Member District Single Non-Transverable Vote ； Electoral System Reform ； Localized Campaign Platform