社會因子與青少年身體活動：自我效能的中介效應

目的：探討青少年身體活動情境中，社會因子與自我效能對身體活動參與的關聯性，並進一步檢驗自我效能的中介效應。方法：研究對象為491 名國中學生，平均年齡為14.09 歲；男生255 人、女生236 人；研究工具使用國際身體活動量表 (IPAQ)、社會支持量表 (SSPAQ)、社會規範量表及自我效能量表，並以階層迴歸分析進行中介效應的檢驗。結果：階層迴歸分析顯示，自我效能在同儕支持、同儕規範與身體活動關係中，具有部分中介效應；然而，在教師及家人的支持與規範上並無顯著效應。結論：本研究發現在青少年同儕關係與身體活動關係中，自我效能的中介效應，代表同儕支持以及同儕規範可以透過增強青少年的自我效能進而影響身體活動參與。因此，若想要提升青少年的身體活動量或是促進他們的身體活動行為時，可以多鼓勵青少年經常與同學或朋友一起從事身體活動，建立同儕共同從事運動的習慣，透過青少年與同儕之間彼此共同的約定以及共同從事身體時所產生的樂趣，提升青少年身體活動參與的動機，以增進他們的身體活動量。

關鍵字

社會影響；運動動機；同儕角色

並列摘要

Purpose: The objective of this study was to investigate the association between social determinants, self-efficacy, and physical activity and further examine the mediating effect of self-efficacy. Method: A total of 491 junior high school students (age = 14.09yrs; males = 255, females = 236) were recruited as the participants. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Social Support Physical Activity Questionnaire (SSPAQ), Social Norm Scale and Self-Efficacy Scale (SES) were administered. Hierarchical regression analysis was conducted to examine the mediating effect. Results: The results of the hierarchical regression revealed that self-efficacy partially mediated the relationship between peer support, peer norms and physical activity. However, teacher’s and parent’s support were significant. Conclusion: The mediating effect of self-efficacy was found between youths’ peer relationship and physical activity. The results revealed that peer support and peer norms can influence physical activity participation through enhancing youths’ self-efficacy. Therefore, encouraging youths to participate in physical activities with peers or friends is a possible way to enhance youths’ physical activity level or physical activity behaviors whereby youths can build up a common exercising habit, commitment, and enjoyment to increase their motivation for physical activity participation.