國家級離島濕地之保育發展歷程－以澎湖青螺濕地為例

Conservation Development of the National Wetland in Penghu Islands

于錫亮(Shyi-Liang Yu) ； 朱盈蒨(Ying-Chien Chu)

《服務業管理評論》 14期 (2016/12) Pp. 121-134

摘要

台灣本身為一個大型島嶼，其週遭散落約 120 餘個小型島嶼，相對台灣本島而言通稱為離島，各個島嶼因其所在地理、地形、海洋生態、文化習俗各異其趣，因此各有其獨特的景觀；又因其面積小，環境較脆弱，易受外來衝擊形成破壞，故如何兼顧離島之發展，保存其既有之海洋文化資產及維護島嶼環境資源，讓臺灣海洋及離島可永續發展，為當前保育事務及離島建設之重要課題。台灣濕地保育法已於2015 年正式上路，近年來保育區的劃定已由傳統的政府主導式規劃方式逐漸轉變為由下而上的共同規劃，濕地為了兼容濕地農、漁業之使用，亦將此規劃精神融入法規之中，以達到「明智利用」和「零淨損失」之最終目標。然而在公眾參與的過程中需評估權益關係人們之重要性及影響力，以此為基礎建立參與模式，使規劃過程與經營管理方式能有所依循。本研究將探討澎湖建構青螺濕地保育以「由下而上」的方式鼓勵地方民眾參與濕地生態保育利用之發展歷程，透過參與觀察、團體討論與文獻分析，探究權益關係人夥伴關係參與平台的運作機制如何建立、相關經費以及專業協助等資源的投入，以及持續進行濕地生態環境調查工作與監測，研究結果參考英國前海外發展署（ODA）的權益關係人分析矩陣，提出以符合公眾對於社會公平正義與資源保育效能之模式。

關鍵字

濕地 ； 環境治理 ； 公眾參與 ； 協同規劃理論 ； 權益關係人

並列摘要

Taiwan itself is a large island, which scattered around about more than 120 small offshore islands. The islands differ in landscape because of its geographical location, topography, marine ecology, and cultural practices. Also island because of its small size, the environment is more vulnerable to external damage. How to balance the development of the islands, which both save the marine environment and cultural assets are an important issue for the current conservation policy and island construction Taiwan Wetland Conservation Act was officially launched in 2015. In recent years, conservation areas delineated by the traditional government led planning gradually transformed into a bottom-up planning approach. Wetlands are considered of using agriculture and fishery into the spirit of this legislation in order to achieve ＂wise use＂ and ＂zero-net-loss＂ of the ultimate goal. However, in the process of public participation needs to assess the importance and influence of local people and to establish participatory model based on the planning process and management methods. This study explored the Penghu Wetland Conservation with ＂bottom-up＂ approach to encourage local people to participate in the development process of the use of wetland conservation through participant observation, group discussions and literature analysis. The relationship between the interests of people and the operating mechanism of the platform were studied. Professional assistance, wetland ecological investigation and monitoring programs were also included. British Overseas Development Agency (ODA) stakeholder analysis matrix is proposed to meet public mode of social justice and the effectiveness of the conservation of resources.

並列關鍵字

wetlands ； environmental management ； public participation ； collaborative planning theory ； stakeholder