教練情緒傷害對選手心理影響及相關成因之初探：以台灣舉重運動為例

本研究探討台灣地區舉重運動教練情緒傷害對於選手心理影響與相關因素。使用問卷方式進行資料蒐集，有效樣本128位舉重選手，並以質性訪談2位選手與2位教練，深入探討心理影響與相關成因。結果發現：(1)教練情緒傷害以「大聲喊叫」最多，其次使用「威脅」；而以高中生感受的比例最多。(2)教練情緒傷害的產生主要是選手的表現無法達到教練要求或者忽略教練的教導指示，且教練也缺乏自我情緒管理的能力。(3)不同年齡的選手受到情緒智力的因素對於教練情緒傷害有不同心理感受，隨著選手年齡的增長，情緒智力或情緒管理更能控制，更能具有同理心。本研究建議有兩點：(1)對於教練方面：高中生的情緒智力或情緒管理能力較大學生為弱，增強選手的情緒智力，有助於平日訓練以及比賽臨場表現；另外教練也須提升自我情緒管理能力。(2)對於選手方面：教練情緒傷害主要來自選手缺乏遵從教練的指導，同時選手也需要學習情緒智力或情緒管理。

關鍵字

情緒傷害；舉重運動；運動心理

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of coach's emotional abuse on athlete psychology and correlated factors in Taiwan's weightlifting. The subjects were 128 participants collected with their demography and their experiences that had eight forms of emotional abuse, as well as 2 coaches and 2 exercise participant conducted by the qualitative interview. The results of this study included: (1) coach emotional abuse with ”shouting” most large, secondly use ”threatening”, and most with proportion that the high school student experience; (2) the cause of coach's emotional abuse was mainly that the player's behavior was unable to reach or neglect the instruction required by the coach, and the coach also lacks the ability of emotion management; (3) different player of age received different forms of abuse in coach, emotional intelligence was it experience with psychology to have, the growth of player's age of persons who were up to, emotional intelligence or the management can be controlled even more. This research was proposed two suggestions. (1) For the coach: the high school student's emotional intelligence (EI) managerial ability was weaker than university students, strengthen the player's EI, and contribute to training on ordinary days and the competition behaves when participating in a contest; the coach must improve the managerial ability of self-emotion. (2) For players: the coach's negative emotional behavior mainly came from player's lacking the guidance which complies with the coach, and meantime the player needs to study and manage their EI.