舉重選手之運動目標取向、自我效能與成敗歸因之相關研究

The Relationship among Goal Orientation, Self-efficacy, And Attribution Tendency in Weightlifters

盧素娥(Su-Er Lu) ； 蔣明雄 ； 季力康

《國立體育學院論叢》 18卷4期 (2007/12) Pp. 97-114

https://doi.org/10.6591/JPES.2007.12.08

摘要

本研究的目的：一、探討不同運動目標取向的舉重選手，在挺舉成敗後（賽前／賽後）之自我效能的差異情形。二、探討不同運動目標取向的舉重選手，在抓、挺舉成敗後，其歸因（能力、努力、工作難度、運氣）之差異情形。三、探討舉重選手的歸因與抓、挺舉後測之自我效能的相關情形。工具以『運動目標取向量表』、『自我效能自評表』、『成敗歸因量表』。研究結果：一、選手在抓、挺舉成功和失敗，其各組型的前、後測自我效能並無顯著差異。二、抓、挺舉成敗後，唯有在抓舉成功時，在工作難度的歸因上以「高工作/低自我」組型，顯著高於其他各組型，而失敗時，在工作難度上以「高自我／低工作」顯著高於其他各組；在能力的歸因因素上，成功時以「高自我／低工作」組型，顯著高於其他各組；失敗時以「低工作／低自我」組型，顯著高於其他各組。三、在抓舉成功時，後測自我效能與運氣歸因呈顯著負相關(-.58(上标 *))，在抓舉失敗時，後測自我效能與工作難度歸因呈顯著負相關(-.60(上标 *))。另外，在挺舉成功時，其後測自我效能與各項歸因均無顯著相關；而在挺舉失敗時，其後測自我效能與歸因中的能力(-.58(上标 *))、工作難度(-.58(上标 *))、運氣(-.84(上标 *))呈顯著負相關。結論：教導「低工作／低自我」的選手分析成敗的原因，幫助選手提高學習的動機。並且對於增強自我效能的提升，建議教練從平日訓練過程中，協助選手訂定明確自我的預期目標，且長期的對選手砥礪，讓選手在不斷訓練嘗試成功的預期目標達成中，使選手不斷體驗成功而不斷的增強其自我效能。

關鍵字

運動目標取向 ； 自我效能 ； 成敗歸因

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to investigate the followings: (1) After the results of snatch and jerk and clean, the differences of self- efficacy (before and after the competitions) among the different goal- oriented weight lifters. (2) After the results of snatch and jerk and clean, the differences of attribution tendency (ability, effort, task difficulty, and luck) among the different goal-oriented weight lifters. (3) The relationships between attribution tendency of the weight lifters and their self-efficacy in the posttest. The results indicated that (1) After the results of snatch and jerk and clean, there were no significant differences among the efficacy of each group in both pretest and posttest. (2) After the results of snatch and jerk and clean, only in the condition of success of snatch, the ”high task and low ego” group was significantly higher than other groups in attribution of task difficulty. When failure, the ”high ego and low task” group was significantly higher than other groups in attribution of task difficulty. As for the attribution of the ability, when success, the ”high ego and low task” group was significantly higher than other groups. When failure, the ”low ego and low task” group was significantly higher than other groups. (3) When snatch was success, self-efficacy in the posttest was significantly and negatively associated with attribution of luck (-.58(superscript *)). When snatch was failure, self-efficacy in the posttest was significantly and negatively associated with attribution of task difficulty (-.60(superscript *)). Moreover, when jerk and clean was success, self-efficacy in the posttest was not significantly associated with any attributions. But when jerk and clean was failure, self-efficacy in the posttest was significantly and negatively associated with attribution of ability (-.58(superscript *)), task difficulty (-.58(superscript *)), and luck (-.84(superscript *)). Based on the results of this study, it firstly suggested that teaching athletes who have ”low task and low ego” to analyze their causes of winning and losing may help them have better learning motivation. Secondly, as for the enhancement of the self-efficacy, it suggested that coaches may help athletes set specific goals in the daily trainings and encourage them to keep trying to achieve their goals in order to have them continuously experience success and keep increasing their self-efficacy.

並列關鍵字

goal orientation ； self- efficacy ； attribution tendency

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