上肢阻力訓練對殘障奧運選手坐姿鉛球投擲技術之影響

本研究之目的是應用運動生物力學方法，分析肢障鉛球選手鉛球投擲動作，探討影響投擲技術之參數，以及介入上肢肌力重量訓練後，鉛球投擲的生物力學參數差異，並與2000年雪梨帕運優秀鉛球選手之相關研究參數進行比較。研究方法以2位肢障F57級殘障奧運選手，前測拍攝後進行四個月的上肢阻力訓練，再進行後測，分析比較介入上肢阻力訓練前後，鉛球投擲生物力學參數的差異性。結果顯示選手訓練後，肩、肘關節角速度、鉛球推出動作上升工作距離、工作時間、上升高度都有增加。本研究結論為：一、兩位受試者的出手速度與雪梨帕運優秀鉛球選手的速度雖有差異，但出手角度也直接受肌力不足的影響。二、水平位移會影響上升高度跟出手高度，因此，增加上升高度就能增加鉛球推出動作距離，而增大推出動作距離與時間，能使鉛球獲得較大的功。

關鍵字

肢障；鉛球投擲；運動學；生物力學

並列摘要

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physically disabled shot put players' throwing motion using sports biomechanics equipments, and to investigate the differences after upper limbs weight training and compare the parameters with the 2000 Sydney Paralympic Games players. Methods: There were two F57 physically disabled shot put participated and recorded by cameras before 4-month upper extremity resistance training, after training finished recorded again. The data collected before and after training were compared. The results showed that the throwing angular velocity of elbow and shoulder, the raising working distance, working time and raising height during thrusting were increased after training. The first conclusion was that the two subjects showed the similar throwing shot release velocity to the Sydney Paralympic Games players but they didn't achieve the same performance. It could be affected by other factors except the throwing shot release velocity. The subjects have to improve the upper extremity strength to enhance the thrusting power to close the Sydney Paralympic Games gold medalist's 42 degrees. Second, it is not an ideal kinetic chain for the subjects'throwing angular velocity of elbow and shoulder. Final, the thrusting horizontal displacement was limited to the throwing shot release height. Therefore, increasing the thrusting vertical displacement could increase the total thrusting distance. In a constant throwing shot release velocity, increasing the total thrusting distance and time could contribute greater work for the shot.