不同運動項目運動員之賽期訓練體適能成效分析

Analysis of the Training Performance on Fitness of Athletes among Different Sport Teams During the Competition

溫仁晧(Jen-Hao Wen) ； 楊昌斌(Chung-Bing Yang)

《嘉大體育健康休閒期刊》 19卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 30-42

https://doi.org/10.6169/NCYUJPEHR.202012_19(2).03

摘要

根據體適能（Physical Fitness）之定義，其代表身體足以適應生活、活動與周遭環境之能力。過去研究發現，不同運動代表隊採用不同的訓練方式，可以使選手在各項體適能中有所差異，且訓練過後的停止訓練亦檢驗訓練成效的持久程度。因此，本研究欲探究花蓮縣兩所國中的運動代表隊在賽前調整狀況與賽後身體適能情形。本研究招募網球隊、田徑隊及射箭隊選手，共二十四名（平均年齡14.7±0.7歲），進行賽前四週、賽前一週與賽後四週的體適能測驗，測驗項目包含身體組成、肌力、肌耐力、柔軟度、敏捷性、速度、爆發力與心肺耐力。結果發現，田徑隊的肌耐力小於射箭隊；而在爆發力、速度與敏捷性中，田徑隊皆優於網球與射箭隊；在賽前四週至賽前一週期間，爆發力、敏捷性、肌力、肌耐力與速度皆有明顯差異；賽前一週至賽後四週期間，爆發力、敏捷性、肌耐力與速度皆有明顯差異。因此本研究之結論為，賽前訓練具一定程度之效果，且不同運動代表隊的體適能表現不同，而競技體適能在停止訓練後表現會明顯下降。

關鍵字

體適能 ； 停止訓練 ； 訓練計畫

並列摘要

According to the definition of Physical Fitness, it represents the ability of the body to adapt to life, activities, and surroundings. In the past, the study found that different sport teams enable players to have different physical fitness abilities through different training methods. The detraining also tested the durability of training results. Therefore, this study is to investigate the conditioning adjustment before the game and physical fitness of each sport teams after the game from two junior high schools in Hualien county. A total of 24 players from tennis team, track-and-field team and archery team were recruited (average age: 14.7±0.7 years old) to join the physical fitness test which was conducted four weeks prior to the game, one week prior to the game and four weeks after the game. The test consisted of body composition, muscle strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, agility, speed, explosiveness and cardiorespiratory endurance. It was found that muscular endurance of track-and-field team was less than that of the archery team; however, as for explosiveness, speed, and agility, track-and-field team had better performance than tennis and archery teams. Between 4 weeks to 1 week before the game, players' explosiveness, agility, muscle strength, muscular endurance and speed were significantly different; there was also a significant difference in explosiveness, agility, muscular endurance and speed during the week before and 4 weeks after the game. Therefore, the conclusion of this study is that pre-competition training has a certain degree of effectiveness, the physical fitness performance of different sport teams varies, and that the performance-related fitness will obviously decline after the end of training.

並列關鍵字

physical fitness ； detraining ； training program

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