International Perspective on the Constitutionality of Indigenous Peoples' Rights

從國際法的觀點看原住民族權利的憲法意義

蔡志偉(Awi Mona)

《台灣國際研究季刊》 3卷2期 (2007/06) Pp. 85-139

摘要

陳水扁總統在1999年總統競選期間，曾遠赴蘭嶼與原住民族各族代表共同簽署「原住民與台灣製府建立新的夥伴關係」，內容包括承認台灣原住民族之自然主權、推動原住民族自治、與台灣原住民族締結土地條約、恢復原住民族部落及山川傳統名稱、恢復部落及民族傳統領域土地、恢復傳統自然資源使用以促進民族自主發展、原住民族國會議員回歸民族代表等七項。本文意識到在推動一個新型態、去殖民化、納入原住民族法概念的法律制度，在現今臺灣的法律制度下，必然會招致來自於非原住民族社會的反彈。猶甚者，原住民族必須面對的挑戰是積習已深的制度性法制障礙與歧視性的社會區隔，就像是現今臺灣原住民族正同時處於漢民族中國思想與臺灣思想的再殖民化過程。對於臺灣原住民族的權利發展，本文將引發國際與國內更多的注意與關心。除此以外，本文旨在促進臺灣原住民族法律在學術領域的發芽與成長。最重要的是，本文將提醒社會大眾一個去殖民化思想、納入原住民族傳統文化與世界觀的法律制度，對於臺灣原住民族的發展有其迫切的需要。

關鍵字

原住民族權利 ； 原住民族運動 ； 憲法化 ； 賦權

並列摘要

The Taiwan Government proposed a new partnership with indigenous peoples in 2002 and further in 2004 announced that it would structure its relations with indigenous peoples on a ”Nation-to-Nation (guo yu guo)” basis. This paper analyzes the effect of current legal framework and the constitutional reform on the existence and legal status of indigenous peoples in Taiwan. The paper first briefly presents a history of the status of indigenous peoples and a discussion of the interrelationship between indigenous peoples and different external forces. Next, the paper provides a summary of the international indigenous movements and its influences on Taiwanese indigenous groups. Finally, the paper urges that Taiwan government to uphold the UN Draft Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples by demonstrating a ”constitutionalizing” of indigenous rights or an ”indigenizing” of dimension of juridical-political framework.
This paper aims to draw more attention to Taiwan's indigenous peoples' rights and seeks to empower the constructive formation of democratic institutions for Taiwanese indigenous tribes. It will, in addition, promote the interdisciplinary study of indigenous law for Taiwan as well as help enlarge the research field of legal studies in Taiwan. Most important all, it will tell us that a new paradigm in the Taiwan legal system is needed for indigenous peoples.

並列關鍵字

indigenous rights ； indigenous movements ； constitutionalization ； empowerment

參考文獻

Aikio, Pekka(eds.),Martin Scheinin (eds.)(2000).Operationalizing the Right of Indigenous Peoples to Self-Determination.Turku, Finland:Institute for Human Rights, Abo Akademi University.

Anaya, S. James.(2004).Indigenous Peoples in International Law.New York:Oxford University Press.

Anderson, Robert T.(eds.)(2005).Cohen's Handbook of Federal Indian Law.Albuquerque, N.M.:American Indian Law Center.

Asch, Michael(ed.),Norman Zlotkin.(1997).Aboriginal and Treaty Rights in Canada.Vancouver:University of British Columbia Press.

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