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國共在澳門的競逐──以「一二‧三事件」(1966-67)為中心

The Competition of the Kuomintang and Communist Party of China in Macau-Focusing on the 12-3 Incident (1966-67)

摘要


葡萄牙於1849年佔領了澳門半島。1945年9月國民政府外交部電飭駐葡公使,向葡國政府表達中國收回澳門的意願,之後在國共內戰迫在眉睫的情勢下,收回澳門的要求終被擱置。中華人民共和國成立後,國共雙方在澳門的攻防,澳葡當局採取局外中立的政策。此後十餘年國共雙方便開始進行包括水糧、工人、教育……等,爭取澳門民心的總體戰。1966年11月15日,氹仔因工人修建坊眾小學,澳葡當局認為手續未完備,加以禁止,警察防暴隊亦出動鎮壓,是為「氹仔事件」,逐漸地民族主義的敏感神經被挑起,星火燎原導致「一二‧三事件」。1966年12月3日上午共方社團代表在督轅要求謁見澳督提出有關氹仔事件的抗議,與警察防暴隊發生衝突,澳葡當局軍隊鎮壓的結果,官方統計8人死亡212人受傷。12月9日,情勢有了對國方不利的變化,所有主要駐澳門機構都被澳葡當局勒令封閉,大部分主要領導人也被驅逐出澳,國方勢力被連根拔起。對澳門擁有最後決定權的是葡萄牙母國當局,授令澳葡當局於1967年1月29日與共方簽署協議,保住了澳門這一塊殖民地,著眼點之一應該是澳門經濟的發展。而葡萄牙背棄國方的理由之一是,里斯本當局認為對台北當局未能支持其非洲政策感到不滿。

並列摘要


The Portuguese Empire occupied Peninsula de Macau in 1849. After the establishment of the People's Republic of China, the Portuguese government in Macau maintained a neutral stance in the civil war between the Chinese Nationalist Party (Kuomintang, KMT) and the Communist Party of China (CPC) in Macau. On November 15, 1966, Portuguese police were called to suppress the residents on Taipa Island because the government forbade construction workers to start building Escola Fong Chong da Taipa without permits. This is known as the Taipa Incident. This event gradually caused nationalism to spread and led to the 12-3 Incident. According to official statistics, 8 people were killed by police and 212 were injured as a result of the oppression from the Portuguese Macau military. All the offices of the Kuomintang in Macau were forced to close by the Portuguese government of Macau, and most leaders were expelled. The Portuguese Empire authorized the Portuguese government of Macau to sign an agreement with the Communist Party of China to maintain Macau's status as a Portuguese Colony. The main concern became the economic development of Macau. One of the reasons why the Portuguese Empire betrayed the Kuomintang is that the government in Lisbon was unhappy with the fact that the government in Taipei did not support Portuguese policies in Africa.

並列關鍵字

Macau 12-3 Incident Taipa Incident KMT CPC Portugal

參考文獻


中研院近史所檔案館藏。《港九暴動》。檔號:005.21/0001
中研院近史所檔案館藏。《澳門政情》。檔號:001.2/0001
中研院近史所檔案館藏。《澳門事件》。檔號:005.2/0001、005.2/0004、005.2/0006、005.2/0010、005.2/0011、012.8/0001
中研院近史所檔案館藏。《駐澳門專員辦事處關閉》。檔號:010.11/0001
(1998)。中共原始資料彙編 澳門問題專輯(一)。台北:國防部。

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