某精神專科醫院慢性精神病人功能性體適能異常盛行率及其相關因素之橫斷式研究

目的：了解慢性精神病人功能性體適能之上下肢柔軟度、上下肢肌力肌耐力、心肺耐力及平衡能力檢測之異常盛行率及其人口學與疾病相關因素。方法：採橫斷式設計；研究對象為樣本醫院慢性精神病人，包含慢性病房、日間病房、護理之家及養護之家，於2017年7月進行功能性體適能檢測，共得752人，平均年齡52.9 ± 10.2。功能性體適能檢測項目與方法施測評估係依照教育部體育署所編製之「國民體適能檢測實施辦法」辦理。除描述性功能性體適能的各分項異常盛行率外，另以複邏輯斯迴歸（Multiple logistic regression）分析異常盛行率之相關因素。結果：住院之慢性精神病人異常盛行率由高到低分別為下肢肌力肌耐力、上肢肌力肌耐力、敏捷性與動態平衡、下肢柔軟度、上肢柔軟度、心肺耐力、靜態平衡，其異常盛行率分別為70.8%、69.3%、66.1%、49.1%、40.1%、26.9%及25.9%；功能性體適能係以65歲老人為常模，惟，仍有超過2/3的住院病人上下肢肌力肌耐力及敏捷性與動態平衡呈現異常、約1/2的住院病人上下肢柔軟度呈現異常。結論：慢性精神病人高異常盛行率的體適能項目；包括上下肢肌力肌耐力及敏捷性與動態平衡等，建議樣本醫院應加強該等項目之運動訓練。此外，年齡為影響多項體適能異常盛行率的主要因素，故依不同年齡及體能狀態設計健身活動非常重要，特別是針對年輕族群須提供高強度和頻率之方案。

關鍵字

精神專科醫院；慢性精神病人；功能性體適能

並列摘要

Purpose. This study examined the prevalence of deficits in flexibility, strength and endurance of the upper extremities (UE) and lower extremities (LE); cardiorespiratory endurance; and balance, as well as their contributing factors among patients with chronic psychiatric disorders (CPD). Methods. This was a descriptive cross-sectional study with patients from chronic wards, a daycare unit and a long-term nursing home of a psychiatric center in Central Taiwan. Measurements for the functional variables above were undertaken in July of 2017 with 752 participants (mean age: 52.9 ± 10.2). Measurement tools and procedures adopted were all standardized by the Sports Administration, Ministry of Education of Taiwan. Data analyses included descriptive statistics, frequency and prevalence reports, and multiple logistic regression. Results. The prevalence of physical fitness deficits showed LE strength and endurance: 70.8%, UE strength and endurance: 69.3%, agility and dynamic balance: 66.1%, LU flexibility: 49.1%, UE flexibility: 40.1%, cardiopulmonary endurance: 26.9%, and static balance: 25.9%. Despite the use of norms for 65-yo older adults, the results indicated that over 2/3 of participants demonstrated deficits in UE and LE strength and endurance as well as agility and dynamic balance, and that nearly 1/2 of participants had deficits in UE and LE flexibility. Age was a significant factor contributing to the deficits. Conclusion. Due to the high prevalence of physical fitness deficits among patients with CPD, routine exercise programs prescribed for the patients should emphasize enhancing strength and endurance of upper and lower extremities and improving agility and dynamic balance. Since age serves as a contributing factor to functional declines, it is important that fitness programs be carefully designed for patients across different age groups. In particular, programs with higher intensity and frequency should be prescribed for younger patients.

並列關鍵字

psychiatric care ； patients with chronic psychiatric disorders ； physical fitness

參考文獻

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