智慧財產權的憲法基礎－兼論智財權與言論自由的衝突

The Constitutional Basis of Intellectual Property-How to Settle the Conf1ict between Intellectual Property and Free Speech

楊智傑(Chih-Chieh Yang)

《財產法暨經濟法》 16期 (2008/12) Pp. 1-40

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.200812.0001

摘要

智慧財產權的憲法基礎究竟爲何?是憲法上的財產權保障?還是基本國策中關於文化工作者的保護?是第十五條的財產權?還是第一百六十五條、第一百六十六條的國家補助科學文化?而若智慧財產權限縮了言論自由，何者優先?
美國不少學者，都很關心當智財權過度擴張，而限縮他人的言論自由峙，何者優先。本文將以美國文獻爲主，介紹其關於智慧財產權的憲法基礎，智慧財產權與言論自由衝突等問題。首先會以美國曾經出現過的案例，簡單介紹。再者則以美國代表性學者的論點，介紹他們的論述。最後則會檢討，到底我國智慧財產權的憲法依據爲何。並對智財權過度擴張而影響他人言論自由時，憲法如何介入，提出個人意見。

關鍵字

智慧財產權 ； 憲法 ； 財產權 ； 基本國策 ； 著作權 ； 言論自由 ； 智財權過度擴張 ； 著作權期間延長

並列摘要

What is the constitutional basis of the intellectual property? Is it the property rights in constitution? Or the protections of cultural workers in the fundamental nation policy in constitution? Is it the property rights of article 15? Or the national science and culture aid system of the article 165 and 166? And if the intellectual property draw back the freedom of speech, what has priority?
Many scholars of U.S.A. care a question: the intellectual property which expanded excessively has drawn back others' freedom of speech and research. In this article, relying on American references, Ⅰ will introduce its constitution basis of the intellectual property, and the conflicts between intellectual property and freedom of speech. At first there will be simple introduction of the cases that will ever appear with U.S.A.. Moreover with the arguments of the representative scholar of U.S.A., Ⅰ will introduce their argumentation. Finally, Ⅰ will explore what is the constitution basis of our country intellectual Property. And Ⅰ will give a suggestion that how to settle the conflict between Intellectual Property and Free Speech.

並列關鍵字

intellectual property ； constitutional law ； property rights ； foundational nation policy ； copyrights ； free speech ； over-expansion of IRP ； period-extension of Copyright