從家庭經濟觀點探討我國法定夫妻財產制－以新移民家庭之家務勞動為中心

Taiwan's Statutory Matrimonial Property Regime from the Point of View of Family Economy-Focus on Housework of New-immigrant Family

李福隆(Fu-Lung Lee)

《財產法暨經濟法》 24期 (2010/12) Pp. 45-71

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201012.0002

摘要

根據內政部2010年第三週內政統計通報資料顯示，外籍與大陸港澳配偶之結婚登記對數，占全年總結婚對數的18.71%，約每5對結婚登記者有l對爲國人與外籍、大陸港澳人士通婚，可見我國婚姻市場上跨國婚姻占有極高比例。近年來新移民進入我國引發家庭變遷的發展趨勢，造成每年有超過兩萬對的跨國婚姻，透過婚姻仲介方式進入我國的新移民女性配偶，其婚姻關係的感情基礎較不穩固，加上必須面對及適應語言、飲食、價值觀等文化差異現象，一旦新移民女性配偶於原生社會的家庭經濟狀況不佳，並受限於語文能力及工作機會，以致僅能謀求微薄薪資的有限工作，甚或爲求照顧未成年子女而無法外出工作，僅憑夫妻雙方分擔家庭生活費用，以及協議自由處分金來維持家計生活，如此新移民家庭生活之財務基礎，將取決於我國男性配偶的社經地位及工作能力。
倘若我國男性配偶的社會經濟地位不高，抑或社會經濟地位良好而不願意協議自由處分金，加上新移民女性配偶無法外出工作或勞動保障不足時，則新移民女性配偶適應婚姻及家屬等身分關係之餘，將同時遭遇家庭財務不穩定的窘境。針對來自東南亞國家的新移民女性與我國男性所組成的新移民婚姻家庭，本文試從家庭經濟的觀點檢討我國法定夫妻財產制，最後指出該項制度對於新移民家庭內從事家務勞動服務的外籍女性配偶權益，仍有保障不周之處，並釐清民法第1018條之l規定僅具家務勞動有價的宣示效果，建議新移民家庭夫妻彼此尊重相互溝通協商出家務勞動的有效率決定，同時政府亦應規劃經濟安全福利項目，持續推動就業輔導措施，藉以保障新移民家庭的經濟安全。

關鍵字

跨國婚姻 ； 新移民家庭 ； 家庭經濟 ； 夫妻財產制 ； 家務勞動

並列摘要

According to the third week of the 2010 Internal Affairs Statistical Bulletin Data of Ministry of the Interior (MOI), the number of marriage registration with foreign, the Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao spouses to the yearly total number was 18.71 percent. That was about one m five to marry with people from foreign countries, the Mainland China, Hong Kong and Macao. And inter-marriage held a high proportion on Taiwan's marriage market. In recent years, new immigrants entered Taiwan caused the trend of family change and resulted in more than twenty thousand inter-marriage per year. By way of entering Taiwan through marriage brokers, the new-immigrant female spouses' matrimonial relationship was less strong and faced the adaption of cultural differences. Once they came from poor families and got some jobs with meager salary, even for taking care of minor children and couldn't go out for work. When the husband and wife shared responsibility for living expenses and agreed on disposable cash, the financial foundation of new immigrant family will depend on socioeconomic status and working ability of Taiwan's male spouse.
If the socio-economic status of Taiwan's male spouse wasn't high or didn't agreed disposable cash, and the female spouse couldn't work or lack of labor's social security, then the new immigrant women needed to adapt status relationship and faced the dilemma of family financial instability. For new immigrant matrimonial family consisting of the female spouse from Southeast Asian countries and the male spouse in Taiwan, this article reviewed Taiwan's statutory matrimonial property regime from the family economy point of view. Finally, we concluded that the statutory property regime didn't provide enough protection to the female spouse doing housework of the new immigrant family and clarified article 10 18-1 of the Civil Code have only declaratory effect. Other suggestions such as the husband and wife should consult and discuss with each other and make efficient decision about housework, while the government needed to plan welfare projects and promote the employment measures so as to protect economic security of the new immigrant families.

並列關鍵字

inter-marriage ； new-immigrant family ； family economy ； matrimonial property regimes ； housework