智慧財產權差別取價之研究－以藥物專利與電影著作為例

Price Discrimination of Intellectual Property-A Case Study of Drug Patents and Film Works

楊智傑(Chih-Chieh Yang)

《財產法暨經濟法》 24期 (2010/12) Pp. 73-128

https://doi.org/10.29825/PELJ.201012.0003

摘要

本文首先參考美國學者的分析，對智慧財產權的理論，分別研究洛克勞動權理論、人格權理論、經濟誘因理論以及社會文化理論等四種理論，探討其內容，並說明其侷限。進而，本文選擇智慧財產權差別取價之議題，進行詳細的檢討。差別取價在經濟學上，可以分爲三種差別取債，分爲一級、二級、三級差別取價。而本文特別針對電影分銷策略和藥物專利銷售，說明其採取的差別取價方法。
進而，本文則從法律面、美國法院判決等，探討各種智慧財產權中的制度，分別從新增財產權類型、圍內權利耗盡、國外權利耗盡、授權契約、科技保護措施、權利濫用等角度，探討這些原則是否有利和不利於採取差別取價手段。
最後，本文結合前述的四種理論中的經濟誘因理論及社會文化理論，針對差別取價問題，進行分析。本文特別挑選專利藥廠對藥品所做的地域性三級差別取價，以及電影公司在行銷電影時所做的時間性二級差別取價，作爲分析對象。

關鍵字

差別取價 ； 洛克勞動權理論 ； 人格權理論 ； 社會文化理論 ； 藥物專利 ； 時間性差別取價

並列摘要

This article first introduces the theories of intellectual property rights, including Locke labor rights theory, personality rights theory, economic incentives and socio-cultural theory. Then, it further introduce the price discrimination of intellectual property rights. [n economics field, price discrimination can be divided into three categories: first-degree, second-degree and third-degree price discrimination. The article specifically discuss film sales distribution strategy, and drug patents price setting, indicating that which price discrimination the film company and dug company take.
Furthermore, this article discuss some legal principles and U.S. court decisions. We explore whether this principles will affect the price discrimination strategy taken by firms. These legal principles includes forming additional property rights, national exhaustion, international exhaustion, licensing contracts, technological protection measures, rights misuse.
Finally, we use the economic theory and socio-cultural theory to analyze price discrimination problem. We particular picks up regional price discrimination of pharmaceutical company as well as timing price discrimination of movie studios for case studying.

並列關鍵字

Price discrimination ； John Locke labor rights theory ； personality right theory ； socio-cultural theory ； drug patents ； timing price discrimination