社會秩序維護法增訂酒駕拘留條款適法性初探

General Study of Legitimacy of the Amendment of Drunk Driving Detention to Social Order Maintenance Act

傅美惠(Meei-Huey Fuch)

《財產法暨經濟法》 39期 (2014/09) Pp. 111-145

摘要

法務部建議內政部參考中國大陸對酒駕者可處拘留15日之作法，於社會秩序維護法增訂酒駕條款，以處罰行政違規酒駕，冀圖以行政拘留之處罰手段，有效、即時有效過止酒駕危害社會之亂象。由於道路交通管理處罰條例第35條，目前僅有罰鏡、扣車、吊銷（扣）駕照等處罰方式，並無行政拘留之處罰規定。我國除社會秩序維護法之處罰種類保留有拘留外，行政罰法及其他法律之處罰種類，尚無拘留制裁手段，拘留實質上即為剝奪或限制人身自由之處罰規定。社維法上之拘留，乃治襲違警罰法，以剝奪人身自由作為行政罰，已違反憲法上之比例原則，並且由法院介入行政罰程序，則紊亂了制裁與後績之救濟體系，而有連反憲法上權力分立原則之虞。社維法於民國80年6月29日制定施行後，即已刪除原妨害交通之違警等規定，現行分則已無妨害交通秩序之規定，如逕於社維法增訂，將使得制裁行政違規酒駕之法律體系益加紛亂，立法體例上更顯突兀或衝突，嚴重違背法治國家之法安定性原則。大陸地區道路交通安全法第91條中有處罰酒後駕車之行政不法行為，其處罰或管制手段，則包括r拘留」、「罰款」、「暫扣或吊銷撥動車駕駛證」、「保護性約束至酒醒」，其中保護性約束至酒醒，相當於我國行政執行法、警察職權行使法、道路交通管理處罰條例中對酒醉人管束之即時強制措施。我國法制對酒醉人，除通知其親友或送適當場所保護外，且管束時間不得逾24小時，比大陸地區「保護性約束至酒醒」，更保障人權，更符合行政效能。

關鍵字

酒駕 ； 拘留 ； 酒測值 ； 不能安全駕駛

並列摘要

It is suggested by the Ministry of Justice to the Ministry of the Interior that an amendment of drunk driving may be made to Social Order Maintenance Act in reference to the regulation in Mainland China, by which detention up to 15 days long may be imposed on one drinks and drives. The amendment is to set punishment for drunk driving which offenses administrative regulations, and it aims to effectively and immediately reduce the harm drunk driving has made to the society by imposing an administrative detention on offenders. According to Article 35 of Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act, only fine, detention of vehicle, and suspension or revoke of driver's license might be imposed on the offender, yet administrative detention has not been adopted as a way of punishment. Except in Social Order Maintenance Act, other administrative laws and regulations in Taiwan such as Administrative Penalty Act do not have detention as a way of punishment. Detention is a punishment which substantially deprives or restricts personal freedom, and detention clauses in Social Order Maintenance Act are transferred from Police Offense Penalty Act. The principle of proportionality in Constitution would be violated when deprivation of personal freedom is adopted as a way of administrative punishment. Involvement of a court into the process of administrative punishment would disturb the system of sanction and legal remedy, and it might be against the principle of separation of powers in Constitution. Promulgated and becoming effective since Jun. 29, 1991, Social Order Maintenance Act has deleted police offense clauses such as traffic hindrance, and it contains no regulation of traffic hindrance. The suggested amendment may only interrupt the present administrative legal system about drunk driving , and bring discord and controversies into the Act; it also endangers the principle legal certainty which shall be respected by a state in rule of law. In Mainland China, the Article 91 of Road Traffic Safety Law punishes the administrative offense of drunk driving by imposing detention, fine, suspension or revoke of driver's license, and protective restrain before soberness. The protective restrain before soberness may be compare with immediate coercion for drunken person in the Administrative Execution Act, Police Power Exercise Act, and Road Traffic Management and Penalty Act in Taiwan. Drunken person's family shall be informed or the person shall be protected in appropriate institutes under Taiwan's law, and the restriction of his or her personal freedom shall not exceed 24 hours; it guarantees better protection to human rights and is more efficient in administrative process than Mainland China does.

並列關鍵字

Drunk Driving ； Detention ； Alcohol Level in Blood ； Driving under Influence