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台灣中小學師資的職前教育與教育實習:變革年代的挑戰與因應

Pre-service Teacher Education and Educational Internship in Taiwan: Challenges of Change and Strategies of Adaptation

摘要


近年來,在教育改革的風潮之下,台灣中小學師資培育的政策與制度也有不少變革和調整。本文探討中小學師資的職前教育與教育實習,即聚焦於變革年代的挑戰與因應之策。本文首先說明當前各師資培育之大學,依據《中華民國師資培育白皮書》及《106年教育部補助師資培育之大學辦理精進師資素質及特色發展作業要點》,辦理職前教育與教育實習的重點工作。其次分析師資培育之大學在辦理中等以下學校師資職前教育與教育實習所面臨的困境與挑戰,包括:(一)報考師資生之人數逐年銳減,(二)吸引優秀人才的誘因不足,(三)教師的專業力急待重塑並強化,(四)教學實習之場域尋覓不易,以及(五)教育實習制度逐漸流於形式。針對上述挑戰與困境,本文提出因應的作為,包括教育部應提供少數公費生名額獎勵各績優之師資培育大學、適時調整師資職前教育課程架構、重訂教育實習制度;而各師資培育大學則要善用策略與發展特色吸引優秀學生參與師培,也要積極培養師資生具關懷倫理、批判思考、素養導向教學之多元能力,以及擁有各類相關證照。至於教育實習內容之規劃,則應確實與教育職場做緊密聯結。本文強調,師資的職前教育與教育實習,須因應政策與制度的變革而有創新務實的作為,才能有效為台灣的教育發展培育優質的教師。

並列摘要


This paper discusses the pre-service teacher education and educational internship in Taiwan, focusing on challenges of change and strategies of adaptation. Discussions include three parts. First, the status-quo of the pre-service teacher education and educational internship are highlighted. Second, difficulties and challenges confronted by teacher education universities are explored and analyzed. Third, strategies and actions of adaptation in response to the rapid change of times are proposed and recommended for Ministry of Education and teacher education universities. Finally, the paper emphasizes that quality teachers should be prepared by innovative and quality teacher education, including pre-service teacher education and educational internship.

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