- 學位論文
台灣技術及職業教育制度變遷:反應序列觀點
Technological and Vocational Education Policy Change in Taiwan:Perspective of Reactive Sequences
摘要
經歷六十多年發展，台灣技術及職業教育制度有其發展脈絡可循：從1949年以來，因應國家經濟建設發展，實施人力規劃方案、管制辦學種類與招生數量、透過獎勵投資與人力發展規劃方案調整高中職人數比例；1970年代中期至1987年，再次配合經濟建設發展計畫，遵循由經濟部門規劃提出的發展方向；1990年代教育鬆綁，希望藉由解除管制與市場競爭機制，教育品質可以因而提升。連串的政策思維與發展方向，可以看出制度在每個時期走向都分別受不同因素影響，並在接續原有基礎下，展開轉化創造過程，這是種文化、經濟、社會所拼湊出來的錯綜複雜情境。 爰此，本研究旨在運用歷史制度論中（Historical Institutionalism）路徑依賴（Path Dependence）觀點，探討台灣技職教育制度的演變。理論運用著重於路徑依賴觀點中的反應序列部分，對不同時期台灣技職教育變遷特性進行分析。從變遷內涵、形成機制及反應序列模式等多角度進行審視，整理歸納各期走向，深化瞭解整體因果脈絡關係，解析制度與行動者的互動狀況，及行動者既有行動邏輯對後續行為所產生的影響，進而分析其中因素。再者，本研究運用質量並行的混合研究方法，意即先進行理論探討與個案分析後，歸納出制度變遷的重要影響因素及反應序列模式。而後據以設計問卷題綱，邀集專家學者進行深度訪談，並根據內容交叉分析得出研究變數，再繪出研究模式參數估計圖，建立研究假設。最後依實證問卷調查結果，進行因素分析與結構方程模式（Structural Equation Modeling）的驗證。 經由理論探討與個案分析後，歸納得知政治、經濟、文化與社會為影響台灣技職教育制度變遷的重要因素。而據此設計的量化問卷，於結構方程模式驗證後，得出下列實證結果：(1) 政治因素對技職教育制度變遷有顯著影響，獲得驗證；(2) 經濟因素對技職教育制度變遷有顯著影響，獲得驗證；(3)文化因素對技職教育制度變遷有顯著影響，獲得驗證；(4) 社會因素對技職教育制度變遷有顯著影響，獲得驗證。基此，進一步推論，台灣技職教育制度變遷，除受到上述四項因素影響外，其初始條件對後續發展亦具有影響力，政府在隨機狀態所作關鍵選擇，深受歷史相關路徑之影響，以致未能全然發揮作用，導致未來路徑發展同樣會受到先前選擇所牽制，因而產生路徑依賴現象。
並列摘要
Through the different development stages in the past sixty years, the technological and vocational education (TVE) in Taiwan has followed a traceable process. To fulfill the requirements of nation-wide economic development, several schemes, such as the workforce projects, the controls of the track programs and student numbers, and the adjustment of the ratio between the student number in general high schools and that in senior vocational schools, have been put into execution since 1949. From the mid-1970 to 1987, the TVE development direction proposed by the Ministry of economic affairs is followed to coordinate with the economic development plans again. During the 1990, the education policy is loosened to remove the controls. It is anticipated that the education quality can be improved by the market competition mechanism. To sum up, from these policies and directions, it can be seen that the trend in each phase of the TVE development in Taiwan depends on different factors. Based on the existing foundations, a transformation and creation process is initiated, which is a complicated scenario influenced by culture, economy and society. Consequently, the purpose of this thesis is to study the TVE evolvement in Taiwan based on the Path Dependence Theory in the Historical Institutionalism. The theory of this thesis emphasizes on the reaction sequence of path-dependence perspective, thereby to analyze the changing characteristics of Taiwan’s TVE in different durations. Multiple points of view, including the changing subject, the formation mechanism, and the reaction sequence, are reviewed. The trends of different stages are revealed, and the relation between cause and effect is deeply understood. The interactions between the system and the actor are analyzed, including not only the influence of the actor’s existing action logic on the subsequent behavior, but also the causing factors. Moreover, this research applies a mixed analysis method based on both qualitative and quantitative conversions. That is, following the theoretical discussion and the analysis of individual case studies, the important affecting factors and reaction sequence model of the system transformation are determined. Then subjects of an interview questionnaire are drawn. Experts and scholars are invited to discuss these topics in detail. Through the cross analysis of the collected information, a set of research variables are obtained to create an estimated graph of the research model parameters and to propose the research hypothesis. According to the investigation results from the returned questionnaires, factor analysis is presented and the structural equation modeling is verified. Finally, via the theoretical discussion and case studies, four factors that influenced the evolution of the TVE policy in Taiwan have been summarized. They are political factors, economic factors, cultural factors, and social factors. After verifying the structural equation modeling of the quantitative questionnaires based on these four important factors, the corresponding results are obtained as follows. It is verified that (1) the political factors, (2) the economic factors, (3) the cultural factors, and (4) the social factors have substantial influences on the transformation of TVE policies. Based on the above discussions, this thesis further concludes that not only the transformation of Taiwan’s TVE system is affected by these four factors, but also the initial conditions have remarkable influences on the subsequent development. The critical choices made randomly by the government are deeply related to the historically-shaped paths, such that these choices are not fully functional. In this way, the future path developments are limited by the previous decisions and path-dependent phenomenon is resulted.