以資料包絡分析法評估休閒農場經營績效—以宜蘭縣為例

Performance Valuation of the Leisure Farms by Data Envelopment Analysis-a Case Study of Yilan County

黃雅蘭(Ya-Lan Huang) ； 陳凱俐(Kai-Lih Chen)

《宜蘭大學生物資源學刊》 5卷2期 (2009/12) Pp. 77-88

https://doi.org/10.6175/job.2009.52.14

摘要

休閒農業的發展主要是基於農業結構的變遷、國民所得的提高、休閒時間的增加等因素促成。宜蘭縣與南投縣同為全台休閒農業最蓬勃發展、休閒農場密度最高的地方。由於各休閒農場之經營策略、規模與各種條件之差異，將影響經營績效，因此本研究以在休閒農業發展上較具代表性的宜蘭縣為案例，評估並比較各類型休閒農場之經營續效，其結果可做為各地休閒農場業主調整投入分配以達最佳表現策略之參考。本研究採用資料包絡分析法（Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA），以評估休閒農場之經營績效。本研究將宜蘭縣之休閒農場，分為特產與紀念品型、體驗型、餐飲型、住宿型及綜合型等五類分別加以探討，資料蒐集係透過業者與遊客問卷調查， 以業者之要素投入與產出及遊客之滿意度感受，分析休閒農場之內部績效與外部績效。本研究評估宜蘭縣29家休閒農場之經營績效，結果顯示有8家屬於效率單位，無效率單位為21家。進一步將休閒農場分類後進行評估，發現在29家中原屬於無效率單位者，有3家特產與紀念品類型中為效率單位，有1家在餐飲型中為效率單位，顯示其在本業上的經營有效率，但若要跨足其他項目或轉型，仍須向其他農場學習。在綜合型休閒農場中，有8家效率單位原在29家中為無效率單位，顯示其整體上已連效率水準，但與專門經營特定項目之休閒農場比較並不適宜。

關鍵字

休閒農場 ； 效率分析 ； 資料包絡分析法 ； 宜蘭縣

並列摘要

Factors such as agriculture structural change, increased capital income and leisure time render the development of leisure agriculture. Yilan, along with Nantou is the county with the most vigorously developed leisure agriculture industry and with the highest density of leisure farms in Taiwan. Influenced by factors such as business strategy, scale and various management conditions, the performance of leisure farms are different. This study intends to evaluate and compare the performance of various types of leisure farm in Yilan County. The result may provide suggestions on the input strategy for the leisure farm owners to achieve the best performance.Data envelopment analysis (DEA) was applied in this study to evaluate the performance of the leisure farms. This study classifies the leisure farms into agricultural souvenirs, experience-based, restaurants, hostels and integrated-type based on their relative revenue of each category. Information and data was collected by personal interview to the managers of all the leisure farms in the county and the visitors of selected leisure farms. The questionnaire includes element inputs and outputs from the managers and satisfaction of the visitors. The internal and external profits of studied leisure farms were analyzed Among the 29 leisure farms studied, 8 are categorized as efficient units with the other 21 as inefficient units. After advanced analysis, among the 21 inefficient units, 3 units performed efficiently in the category of agricultural souvenirs type and 1 unit performed efficiently in the category of restaurants type. This result implies that the industry has reached the level of efficient operation on units' original management category, while extending into other categories, learning from experienced farms is still required. Furthermore, there are eight units of integrated-type leisure farm changed to be efficient but were inefficient in 29 units originally, showing that they have reached the level of efficient operation, and maybe not be suitable to be compared with those leisure farm of specialty in a particular project.

並列關鍵字

leisure farm ； efficiency analysis ； data envelopment analysis (DEA) ； Yilan County