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結合模糊分析網路程序法與模糊邏輯於營建工程環境影響評估(Ⅰ):理論研究

An Integration of the Fuzzy Analytic Network Process with Fuzzy Logic for Environmental Impact Evaluation, Ⅰ: Theory

摘要


環境影響評估是一種決策,利用科學化決策方法來進行環境影響評估,例如多評準決策分析法(multi-criteria decision analysis, MCDA),是目前環境影響評估方法論研究的主流之一。使用MCDA的方法時,通常有幾點之假設:第一,準則是相互獨立的;第二,準則都是定義良好的;第三,準則都是確定的。然而這些假設與環境因子的特性並不相符,因為根據我們的觀察,以MCDA的方法進行環境影響評估方法,有以下的議題:第一,環境因子間具有相依性(dependence),並非是獨立的;第二,環境因子的評估具有主觀上的不精確性(imprecision);第三,有些因子並不適合採用權重法,而是利用專家的知識來進行評估。因此,為了解決這些議題,我們提出利用模糊分析網路程序法(fuzzy analytical network process, FANP),來解決環境因子間之相依性(議題一),評估環境因子時之模糊性(議題二),並與模糊邏輯結合(fuzzy logic, FL),來處理主觀評估的面向(議題三)。另外,本研究著重於營建工程施工之環境影響評估,首先建立營建工程的環境影響因子,並探討其環境影響因子間的相依性,再者,建立營建工程單項環境影響因子的模糊評估模式,因此而形成一個整合式的環境影響評估決策架構。

並列摘要


The purpose of environmental impact assessment (EIA) is to identify, assess and describe the likely impact of proposed activities on the environment, analyze the possibilities for the prevention and mitigation of such impact and make proposals regarding the choice of the most suitable solution. The essential element in environmental impact assessment is decision-making. Although techniques such as multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) have been widely recognized as a primary methodology for EIA, several assumptions about the criteria are inappropriate. I.e., the criteria are independent, well defined, and certain. The inappropriateness arises from faulty insight into EIA. First, some environmental factors are not independent. Second, qualitative assessment is pervaded by fuzziness. Third, subjective assessment has an important role in EIA. To address these issues, this research proposes an integration of the fuzzy analytical network process (FANP) with fuzzy logic (FL) to resolve the dependence problem among environmental factors, their fuzziness, and the subjectivity in evaluating them.

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