環境敏感指標地圖在臺灣海岸油污清理之應用探討

在海岸之溢油污染事件中最被關切的是油污及其清理方式對海岸地帶之衝擊，包括自然生態及人文社經的影響。生態群落及人類社經發展是海岸地區存在兩大相互交錯之區塊，海岸環境之敏感性是綜合前述兩大區塊功能之顯現，敏感度之高低也是對此兩大區塊之潛在衝擊程度。環境敏感度指標包括海岸分類、生物資源及人類使用資源（或稱人文社經資源），其定義為環境之不良變化（污染、災害及人為開發等）對生態棲息環境之安全、存活及繁衍所造成嚴重衝擊與危害下之反應程度。環境敏感地圖在溢油緊急應變中是相當有效之工具，它可提供敏感區位所在及指出適當之清理方式，避免對生態及人類環境造成太大衝擊，其最早由美國發展出來，後續已有許多國家如日本、加拿大、丹麥、泰國等依據其本國海岸特性加以修改並應用之。本文將探討建立臺灣海岸的環境敏感指標架構及程序，並配合發展地理資訊查詢系統，結合電子地圖之展示，除災害應變外也可提供海岸資源管理之應用。

關鍵字

溢油污染；環境敏感度；環境敏感指標地圖；地理資訊系統

並列摘要

The most pertinent topics relating to oil-spills consist of the impacts induced by oil pollutants as well as the clean-up processes. The influences on the natural ecosystem and human socio-economics have been considered. Two major co-existing factors such as the eco-community and development of human-use resources are combined in a coastal zone. The sensitivity of the coastal environment is characterized by the function of these two. Being induced reaction levels under the impact of adverse changes for safety, survival and reproduction within the ecosystem, environmental sensitivity indices (ESI) can evaluate the level of potential impact. ESI indicators, including shoreline classification, biological resources and human-use resources, can supply sensitive areas and identify suitable clean-up skills to avoid serious induced impacts. Originally developed in the United States, ESI maps have been modified according to coastal characteristics for application in many countries such as Canada, Denmark, Japan, and Thailand. Also, a query scheme in a geographic information system (GIS) can possibly be applied in combination with electronic maps for presentation. Thus, an ESI map is a very effective tool for oil-spill contingency plans as well as coastal resources management.

並列關鍵字

oil-spills ； environmental sensitivity index ESI ； ESI Maps ； geographic information systems GIS

國際替代計量

環境敏感指標地圖在臺灣海岸油污清理之應用探討

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