王安石《詩新義》中「攝禮於德」研究

王安石《三經新義》的產生與當時時代背景息息相關，且是以「通經致用」作為主要目的，而《三經新義》在歷史的評價可謂褒貶不一，甚至是貶大於褒，但此書在經學史上也佔有一席之地，影響六十餘年。本文主要以《詩新義》作為探討的內容，「以禮解詩」為特點，並由禮規範出社會整體的次序，而禮的作用可穩定社會秩序；另外，《詩義》中「以德解詩」更是不容忽視的內容，「德」可謂為《詩新義》中極重要的內涵。《詩新義》的內容中「德」出現的次數雖然比「禮」出現的次數少，但它具有不可忽視之地位，且對整部《詩新義》極具意義。經過對「禮」與「德」分別探討，釐清其關係得知：德、禮除兼備且缺一不可外，更重要是彼此的關係為本末之關係，即「以德制禮」，是以「德」為本，以「禮」為末。因此，「德」佔有舉足份量，更為全書重要依歸，此為王安石《詩新義》核心樞紐。

關鍵字

王安石；詩新義；禮；德

並列摘要

The creation of ”Neo-Commentaries on Three Classics (NCTC)” of Wang An-shih was closely related to the background of the specific era and typically aimed at ”grasping Confucian classics and applying them to practice”. There were various appraisals on ”Neo-Commentaries on Three Classics” in history, even derogatory ones gaining the majority, however the book still took a place in the history of Confucian classics study with influence over sixty years. This paper mainly discusses NCTC, of which the feature is ”interpreting the classics in the way of etiquette”; the etiquette formulates overall order of a society with the function of stabilizing social order. In addition, ”interpreting the classics in the way of morality” is also a part that cannot be ignored in NCTC as the morality is the extremely important connotation of NCTC.Based on the content and theme of NCTC, this paper concerns the etiquette and morality, addresses the relationship between them and elaborates the repeated occurrence of ”etiquette” and ”morality” in the work. In my opinion, although ”morality” is not mentioned as many times as ”etiquette” in NCTC, it takes the place that cannot be overlooked and is significant to the whole work. The discusses on ”etiquette” and ”morality” and their relationship disclose that: the morality and etiquette are indispensable to each other, and the more important thing is their relationship is just like that between the branch and root, that is to say ”Constructing Etiquette with Morality” takes ”morality” as the root and ”etiquette” as the branch. Therefore, as the core in NCTC of Wang An-shih, ”morality” is vital and decisive of the whole book.