幼兒與母親的依附表徵敘述初探研究

An Exploration of Preschoolers' Representations of Mother-Child Attachment

陳若琳(Jo-Lin Chen) ； 涂妙如(Miao-Ju Tu)

《兒童與教育研究》 10期 (2015/12) Pp. 161-206

摘要

本研究主要探討4－6歲幼兒與母親的依附表徵敘述的情形，並了解安全和不安全依附表徵組幼兒在幼兒園社會行為的差異情形。研究對象為新北市以及台北市3個不同區域幼兒園的74位幼兒，經過訓練的訪談員針對幼兒進行一對一敘述依附故事完成任務（narrative attachment story completion tasks），利用樂高積木玩具做為訪談的輔助工具，完成8個依附故事的訪談，幼兒在故事完成的敘述代表幼兒和母親的親子依附表徵內容，所收集的資料經過編碼員資料整理以及編碼，以了解幼兒與母親的依附表徵情形，並分析幼兒被教師或教保員評定在幼兒園的同儕社會行為表現的差異情形。研究結果發現，在敘述依附故事完成任務方面，利用樂高積木玩具做為訪談的輔助工具，能夠讓大多數幼兒理解並敘述完成故事內容，將幼兒依附敘述進行編碼，約有60%以上的幼兒屬於安全依附表徵類型，約有40%或以下的幼兒屬於不安全依附表徵類型，顯示幼兒敘述依附故事完成任務能有效呈現幼兒依附表徵。安全依附表徵和不安全依附表徵類型的幼兒在被評定的幼兒社會能力和攻擊行為大多具有顯著差異，本研究結果支持幼兒與母親的安全依附表徵有助於幼兒正向同儕社會行為。

關鍵字

依附故事完成任務 ； 依附表徵 ； 幼兒

並列摘要

The purpose of this research was to explore preschoolers' attachment representations with mothers and the differences between secure and insecure types of attachment representations on peer relations among four-to-six year old young children. The research participants consisted of 74 young children, and their teachers or educare givers invited from the preschools in New Taipei and Taipei cities. Young children were interviewed their attachment representations for mothers by responding narrative attachment story-completion tasks. There were 8 story stems used in the story-completion tasks. The Lego toy combinations were used as assistant tools in the attachment story-completion tasks for young children. Young children's narratives were coded and analyzed. The results showed that Lego toy combinations used in the narrative attachment story-completion tasks were effective tools to allow most of young children to complete their story to represent their attachment with mothers. For the attachment types, about 60% young children represented secure attachment, 40% represented insecure attachment. Most of the t-tests results showed that children with secure attachment representations were more likely to exhibit socially competent behaviors and less aggressive behaviors than those with insecure attachment representations. Results support that attachment security is positive support for young children's peer social competence.

並列關鍵字

attachment story-completion tasks ； attachment representations ； young children