祖父母參與學步兒遊戲互動行為之研究－以親屬保母為例

The Study of Participation of The Grandparents in Children's Play Interaction - Case Studies of The Relatives as Childcare Providers

李佳家(Chia-Chia Lee) ； 林聖曦(Sheng-Hsi Lin)

《兒童與教育研究》 11期 (2016/07) Pp. 1-49

摘要

本研究目的在於瞭解祖父母參與學步兒遊戲的互動行爲，以及瞭解祖父母參與學步兒遊戲時，學步兒的遊戲行爲。本研究以四對祖孫爲研究對象，採質性研究取向，透過觀察並攝影祖父母與學步兒在遊戲中，自然表現出之互動行爲，以及觀察後的個別訪談，進一步地瞭解祖父母的想法。其研究主要發現如下：一、祖父母遊戲互動行爲方面（一）祖父母兒時的遊戲經驗與過往的托育經驗，會與現在參與學步兒的遊戲互動行爲有關。（二）祖父母在遊戲互動過程，與學步兒的肢體動作、口語對話，以及回應態度，都以溫柔且正向情緒表達。（三）祖父母的教導遊戲行爲，會先依照自己的想法參與，再視學步兒的反應而做修正。（四）祖父母參與學步兒遊戲時，會主導遊戲進行、口頭指示從事某個行爲或進行某個活動，但也會隨著觀察次數的增加而有不同的調整。（五）祖父母參與學步兒遊戲時，參與遊戲時所扮演的角色雖不盡相同，但都有教導、控制和指示等意涵。二、學步兒的遊戲行爲方面（一）學步兒被動表現之輔助遊戲行爲居多，主要來自於祖父母的指示和教導行爲偏重，但這些輔助遊戲行爲，也會成爲發展其他遊戲行爲的基礎。（二）學步兒在遊戲過程中，會對物體、聲音和空間感到好奇而進行探索遊戲，而祖父母介入學步兒的探索遊戲，以及在學步兒探索遊戲時所表現的態度，影響學步兒的探索遊戲行爲。（三）學步兒從學習模仿祖父母的遊戲行爲，發展出有意義的連續組合遊戲行爲。（四）學步兒喜歡進行假裝拌炒和假裝餵食自己的象徵遊戲，但參與遊戲的祖父母所表現之互動行爲，影響學步兒該象徵遊戲行爲的後續發展。最後依據上述研究發現，對孩子的照顧者、辦理托育及親子相關課程等單位，以及未來研究提出建議。

關鍵字

祖父母參與 ； 學步兒遊戲 ； 遊戲互動行為 ； 親屬保母

並列摘要

The study aims to probe children's play interaction with the involvement of grandparents. In the qualitative research were four pairs of grandchildren and grandparents. Video tapes and observations were used to record their play interaction; and, grandparents' interviews to further understand their thoughts. The main findings are as follow: 1. The aspect of grandparents in play interaction (1)Grandparents' childhood experiences in play interaction and their previous babysitting experiences were relevant to their current play interaction with their grandchildren. (2)All of the grandparents involving in play interaction talked to the children in the gentle and positive way from their physical involvement, verbal involvement, to attitudes of responses. (3)The grandparents' teaching behaviors were first complied with their own ideas; then, were adjusted in accordance to children responses. (4)The grandparents involving in children's play interaction would dominate the ongoing game play, orally instruct children to perform some behavior or conduct some activity; though, those behaviors were subject to the number of observation time. (5)The grandparents involving in play interaction may play different roles, yet their behaviors all had the purposes behind, teaching, controlling and directing children. 2. The aspect of children in play interaction (1)In children's play interaction, most of their behaviors were facilitating behaviors in response to grandparents' directing and teaching behaviors. Their facilitating behaviors later on served as the foundation for other game playing behaviors. (2)The children, out of curiosity, were exploring the objects, the sounds, and the surroundings while playing games. Their exploratory play was influenced by the grandparents' involvement and attitudes in play interaction. (3)Starting by imitating grandparents' behaviors in play interaction, the children were developing their own meaningful, sequential, and combinatorial play. (4)The children loved symbolic play like pan-frying and self-feeding. Their symbolic play would keep being influenced by the grandparents' involvement in play interaction. In conclusion, the researcher made recommendations to children's caregivers, organizations or institutions in charge of opening relevant courses, and proposed future researches related to the matter.

並列關鍵字

grandparent's participation ； toddlers' play ； play interaction ； grandparents as childcare providers