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主體化與語義變化的動力-以日語的「テイル」為例

The Dynamics of Subjectification and Semantic Varieties Take "TE-IRU" in Japanese as an Example

摘要


本稿主要是針對日語的補助動詞「テイル」的語意作分析。目前大多數對於現代日語「體」(aspect)的研究,都將「テシマウ」「テイル」「テオク」等「體」的補助動詞當成一個格式塔(Gestalt)來研究,本稿將從符號學的觀點,透過主體化(subjectification)的過程對「テイル」的語意變化作詳細的探討。首先從本動詞「いる」的「存在」觀點出發,藉由主體化的過程中觀察從本動詞到補助動詞「テイル」的語意變化,找出「テイル」的圖式(schema)的語意並以此為基礎,透過語用論及隱喻的觀點來對「テイル」的語意作分析。也就是說,從符號學的觀點出發,把「テイル」的圖式置於不同的文脈(context)之中,觀察「テイル」所展現的動態語意表現來作探討,如此才能更接近於「テイル」這個語言形式,在日語中所對應的所有語意表現。

關鍵字

格式塔 隱喻 主體化 語法化

並列摘要


This paper is an analysis on the semantics of the compound verb TE-IRU in Japanese. In previous research on the aspect of the compound verb of modern Japanese, TE-SHIMAU, TE-IRU, and TE-OKU are usually treated as Gestalt. Taking the viewpoint of semiotics, this paper tries to discuss the meaning of TE-IRU by subjectification of cognitive subject. The paper also discusses the meaning of schema in the process of sujectification when verb IRU is in existence. On this basis, the semantic meaning of TE-IRU is analyzed by way of pragmatics and metaphor. The author believes that putting the schema of TE-IRU in different contexts and revealing the semantic dynamics of them will enable us to see more clearly the linguistic behaviors of TE-IRU.

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