臺灣跳鼓陣發展過程與現況探析

臺灣跳鼓陣源自福建大鼓涼傘，隨著閩南人的遷移而傳入臺灣。臺灣最早描述有關跳鼓表演型態的正式文字記載爲連雅堂在1932年（昭和七年四月二十六日）於台南市發行的三六九小報雅言專欄中的一段文章：鄉村之間。有所謂跳鼓者。猶今之跳舞也。………… 此乃跳鼓之名稱由來。當時的跳鼓爲四鑼一鼓一繖共六人，繖隨鑼鼓聲進退。跳鼓陣又稱大鼓陣、大鼓弄、弄鼓花、花鼓陣與大鼓花陣，隨時代變異，各地名稱、跳法及表演人數略有不同。早期以男性爲主、具地緣與血緣關係的庄陣頭已逐漸沒落，代之而起的職業陣頭目前也已面臨生存危機。近年來由於國家政策與專家學者對傳統文化的重視與國民中小學傳統藝術教育計畫的施行，造就了學校跳鼓團隊的蓬勃發展。至今許多隊伍紛紛解散，其原因不外乎隊員畢業、接替頻繁、經費來源不足、教練師資不足、家長不同意，怕影響課業、隊員招收困難等等。而解決的方法則爲鼓勵學校成立此社團並給予經費補助、舉辦研習培育良好師資、常辦跳鼓觀摩比賽及技藝展演、補助現有社會團隊、表揚並獎勵推展有功之人員、補助有意推展跳鼓學校器材及道具、保存及發展各地跳鼓特色、納入九年一貫統整教育、爭取企業商贊助或認養、提昇技藝內容朝精緻化優質化發展、錄製教學光碟指引、提昇成爲社區文化產業之一部份、參與舉辦國際性表演藝術活動、補助績優團隊出國訪問等。未來跳鼓陣除了在這新的生長點也就是跳鼓陣在現代社會中具備的教育價值與功能（培養學生創造力、合作精神、團隊默契、動態表演藝術鑑賞能力、進而發展心肺耐力、肌力肌耐力、協調性、節奏感及傳承文化）上繼續發揮外，能進而回流民間與社區民眾休閒生活相結合，成爲更優質與精緻化的表演藝術活動以及更具地方特色的文化資產。

關鍵字

跳鼓陣；民俗體育

並列摘要

The Drum Dance in Taiwan originated from the ”dance of big drum and parasol” in Fujian Province, China. When people of Fujian Province immigrated to Taiwan, the tradition of drum dance was brought along with them. This study aims to investigate the development of this folk activity and its current stand in Taiwan. The earliest record of such tradition was found in a column of San-Liu-Jiu News published in Tainan by the famous historian, Lian, Ya-Tang, in 1932. Mr. Lian described the activity as followings: ”There is a kind of drum dance called ”Tiao-Gu” in the countryside. It is a kind of dancing….” This is how this folk activity received its name, ”Tiao-Gu.” Its basic form includes four gongs, one drum, and one parasol. The dancer who played the parasol moved back and forth with the tempo of the gongs and the drum. Tiao-Gu, also known as ”Da-Gu-Zhen”, ”Da-Gu-Nong”, or ”Nong-Gu-Hua,” has changed its form and structure as the time passed. During the agricultural era, ”Tiao-Gu” was mainly performed by men who gathered to practice during the break of their farming duties. Although professional groups replaced the amateur dancers later, the quick change of the industrial society has brought serious crisis to such tradition. Recently, due to the support of the government and the interest from the academia, Tiao-Gu was introduced to the elementary and middle schools, and gradually became part of the curriculum of folk culture education. However, many school teams are dismissing due to the following reasons: difficulties of recruiting new members, lacking support from the parents, shortage in funds, and insufficient qualified couches. Possible solutions to this problem include: providing funds to schools for establishing teams; organizing in-service training programs for school teachers; organizing contests, presentations, and awards to promote this tradition; searching support from enterprises; producing teaching materials; promoting the activity as part of the community culture; and sponsoring international festivals and visits. The drum dance should, on the one hand, further develop its root in the modern society with its educational value and functions and, on the other hand, be integrated with the leisure life of the people and the community. In this way, it will become a more delicate art form with particular local characteristics in our culture.