大學滑雪課程學生學習歷程之心流體驗

本研究的目的在探究一門大學體育專業課程中，學生在學習滑雪時的心流體驗狀態；檢視在滑雪技能不斷精進且雪道難度調整的情形下，學生心流經驗的動態流轉情形；分析修習本課程對於學生超越心流經驗的意義與價值。研究者採質性研究方法，訪談18名修課學生；並以訪談逐字稿為文本，分析學生的心流體驗及其發生的脈絡。研究有以下發現：首先，就心流體驗歷程八頻模式的情緒樣態而言，在這一門課程中，出現最多的是焦慮以及流暢，繼之為擔心、輕鬆與亢奮。從心流的9個構面觀之，修習此課程的學生大多曾經驗類似心流的感受，雖然往往是情境性與暫時性的體驗。其次，學習者的心流會隨著教學事件的進行，因著個體技能的增進以及雪道難度的變異而持續流轉。從第一天自覺技能佳、雪道易；到第二天覺得雪道難、技能不足；到第三天雪道挑戰更多而技能已稍精進。大多數學生最終的技能與挑戰平衡狀態對應於Csikszentmihalyi八頻模式中的心流與亢奮二頻。最後，修習課程對於學生亦具有超越心流經驗的意義與價值，包含了「生命中第一次」、「克服恐懼、挑戰自我」、「珍惜得來不易的機會」以及「為自己的決定做好準備、付上代價」等重要的人生功課。研究者最後針對未來的研究與教學提出相關的建議。

關鍵字

體育教學；流暢經驗；冒險教育

並列摘要

The purposes of this study were to examine the flow experiences of students who took a college level skiing course, investigate the dynamic nature of student's flow states in the case of continuous improvement of skiing skills and adjustment of snowy slopes difficulty, analyze the significances and values of this course for students to transcend the flow experiences. The researchers conducted a qualitative study by interviewing 18 students. The transcripts were analyzed to understand the patterns, context, and the transition of student's flow experiences. The results are as follows. First, employing the 8-channel model developed by Csikszentmihalyi, anxiety and flow were the two most often experienced affective states, followed by worry, relaxation and arousal. Secondly, most of the students who took this skiing course manifested experiencing flow in one way or another, though often with contextual or temporal nature. Thirdly, along with the evolvement of instruction events, improvement of students' skiing skills, and the variation of difficulty level of slopes, students' flow experiences changed dynamically. The corresponding relationship between skiing skills and challenge changed from easy-challenge-high-skill-level of day 1 to difficult-challenge-middle-skill-level of day 2 to difficult-challenge-middle-or-high-skill level. In the end of the third instruction day, most of the challenge-skill match fall into ＂flow＂ or ＂arousal＂ channel specified by Csikszentmihalyi's 8-channel model. Besides the flow experiences, students also learned some other important lessons like ＂first time in life＂, ＂facing fear and challenging oneself＂, ＂cherish precious opportunities＂, and ＂prepare and pay for one's own decisions＂. Implications of this study are presented in the end.

並列關鍵字

sports instruction ； flow experiences ； adventure education

參考文獻

文秀雲、陳金盈(2009)。滑雪運動員的心智訓練。亞東學報，24。取自 https://ir.oit.edu.tw/oitir/bitstream/277380145/593/1/%E6%BB%91%E9%9B%AA%E9%81%8B%E5%8B%95%E5%93%A1%E7%9A%84%E5%BF%83%E6%99%BA%E8%A8%93%E7%B7%B4.pdf