大專男子排球運動員反向跳機制與扣球跳躍高度之研究

The Study into the Countermovement Jump Mechanism and Spike Jump Height in Collegiate Male Volleyball Players

張振興(Cheng-Hsin Chang) ； 江杰穎(Chieh-Ying Chiang) ； 張建淳(Chien-Chun Chang)

《運動教練科學》 62期 (2021/06) Pp. 43-54

https://doi.org/10.6194/SCS.202106_(62).0004

摘要

背景：先前研究指出排球員扣球跳躍（spike jump, SPJ）跳躍高度（jump height, JH）為決定能否攻擊得分的關鍵，並且與反向跳（countermovement jump, CMJ）能力有關。然而，影響SPJ的JH因素尚未明確。目的：一、探討SPJ-JH與CMJ跳躍機制間的關係；二、比較不同JH排球員SPJ與CMJ跳躍表現是否具有差異。方法：16名男性大專排球運動員進行SPJ與CMJ測驗，使用皮爾森積差相關分析所有受試者SPJ與CMJ參數之相關性；以SPJ-JH中位數百分比前、後50%區分高、低SPJ組，並以獨立樣本t檢定分析（independent sample t-test）比較兩組間SPJ、CMJ參數差異。結果：SPJ-JH與起跳高度（take-off jump height, TOF-JH）以及CMJ 峰值功率（peak power, PP）、向心平均力量（concentric mean force, ConMF）、向心平均功率（concentric mean power, ConMP）、向心衝量（concentric impulse, ConIMP）呈現高至非常高度顯著相關。依據SPJ-JH區分高、低兩組進行SPJ、CMJ 參數比較，結果發現在TOF-JH及CMJ-PP、離心衝量（eccentric impulse, EccIMP）、ConMF、ConMP、ConIMP達顯著差異。結論：SPJ的TOF-JH越高SPJ-JH則越高，而推進速度（approach speed, APS）快慢不會影響SPJJH表現，CMJ在向心階段產生的力量、功率、衝量可能是SPJ-JH高、低表現的因素。

關鍵字

垂直跳 ； 運動學 ； 動力學 ； 運動表現

並列摘要

Backgrounds: Previous studies indicated the jump height (JH) of the spike jump (SPJ) is one of the determining factors of scoring in volleyball. The associations between SPJ and countermovement jump (CMJ) ability have been established. However, the underlying mechanisms affecting the SPJ-JH are unclear. Purpose: (1) To examine the relationships between SPJ-JH and CMJ mechanical factors; (2) to compare whether the differences existed in CMJ performance from the players with different SPJ-JH. Methods: Sixteen male collegiate volleyball players participated in this study, in which the SPJ and CMJ tests were examined. Pearson's-product-moment correlations were used to discover the relationships between SPJ and CMJ variables. The split-middle method was implemented to determine the players' level as the high SPJ group (above 50%) and the low SPJ group (below 50%) from their SPJ-JH, the independent t-test was then performed to compare the differences of SPJ and CMJ variables between two groups. Results: Strong to very strong relationships (p ＜ .05) were revealed between SPJ-JH, take-off jump height (TOF-JH), CMJ peak power (PP), concentric mean force (ConMF), concentric mean power (ConMP), and concentric impulse (ConIMP). Independent t-test discovered statistically significant differences in TOF-JH, CMJ-PP, eccentric impulse (EccIMP), ConMF, ConMP, and ConIMP between groups. Conclusion: The higher the SPJ TOF-JH associated with the superior SPJ-JH, approach speed (APS) did not affect the SPJ-JH performance. The concentric force, power, and impulse generated from the CMJ might be the determining factors of the SPJ-JH.

並列關鍵字

vertical jump ； kinematics ； kinetics ； sport performance

參考文獻

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