臺灣閩南語本字考證三則

Three Etyma of Taiwan Southern Min

吳瑞文(Rui-Wen Wu)

《臺灣文學研究集刊》 5期 (2009/02) Pp. 163-189

摘要

漢語方言本字的研究，其本質是書面語與現代方言的同源詞的探索，也就是歷史語言學的研究。因此探求方言本字時，利用比較方法仔細尋繹出現代方言與古音的音韻規則對應，同時透過現代姊妹方言來交叉比對，有助於我們在諸多候選本字中篩選出正確的那一個，並避免被後起的音韻現象誤導。本文利用臺灣閩南語及週邊方言的材料，經由方言與文獻、方言與方言間的比較研究，考證臺灣閩南語中還沒有達成共識的幾個語詞的本字。本文探討的語詞包括：1.表動詞嘗試義[khuã5 bãi6]的[bãi6]2.[lua6 lua6 so2]四處閒晃的[lua6]3.[thŋ5 pak7 the?7]赤裸上身的[the?7]本文結論認為，[bãi6]的漢語語源是覓，[lua6]的語源是邐，[the?7]的語源是裼。

關鍵字

臺灣閩南語 ； 本字 ； 比較研究 ； 同源詞 ； 歷史語言學

並列摘要

The studies on the etyma of Chinese dialects are explorations of cognates between written documents and modern dialects, namely, researches of historical linguistics essentially. Therefore, finding out the phonological correspondence between ancient Chinese and modern dialects by applying comparative method strictly as well as cross validation between sister dialects could be conducive to select the correct written character from several possible forms and avoid confusions from later phonological phenomena. In this article, through the comparative studies between Chinese documents and modern dialects, I explore three etyma of Taiwan Southern Min, of which viewpoints among scholars are divergent. The etyma I would discuss are as follows:1. [bãi6] in [khuã5 bãi6], the complement element indicating ”attempted aspect marker”.2. [lua6] in [lua6 lua6 so2], the adverbial element indicating ”strolling about”.3. [the?7] in [thŋ5 pak7 the?7], the complement element indicating ”being naked”.In conclusion, I demonstrate that the Chinese etyma of [bãi6] is 覓, [lua6] is 邐, and [the?7] is 裼 respectively.

並列關鍵字

Taiwan Southern Min ； etymon ； comparative studies ； cognate ； historical linguistics

參考文獻

宋丁度編(1986)。集韻。臺北:學海出版社。

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林連通、陳章太(1989)。永春方言志。北京:語文出版社。