試從漢代樂律思想略論樂律與曆法之關係

Discussion on the Relationship between Temperament and Calendar from the Thought of Temperament in Han Dynasty

劉美枝(Mei-Chi Liu)

《臺灣音樂研究》 3期 (2006/10) Pp. 21-44

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200610.0002

摘要

五音、六律之理論，形成於先秦時代。此理論不但是音樂實踐之歸納，同時亦與時代思潮結合，從而形成一種獨特的樂律思想。樂律思想因融合陰陽五行等思想，致部分學者認為屬牽強附會之舉。本文從漢代文獻切入，分析漢代樂律思想之內容與特點，發現漢代樂律思想與天文曆法之理論有契合之處，依循樂律與曆法理論具相通點之思惟，復於史書中發現漢代實踐律曆合一之記載。由是可知，樂律思想與曆法理論之關係甚為密切，且分別體現在理論與實踐二個層面上，因此，史書將〈律志〉與〈曆志〉合為〈律曆志〉，乃有思想脈絡可尋，而樂律思想、亦非完全附會。

關鍵字

五音 ； 六律 ； 律曆 ； 樂律 ； 樂律思想 ； 陰陽五行

並列摘要

The theories of five sounds and six voices are formed in the Pre-Qin Period. These theories are not only the conclusion of musical practice then, but also has become a particular thought of temperament as it integrates with the thought of the times. Some scholars consider it farfetched that the thought of temperament be merged into the thoughts of Yin-Yang and the five elements. This paper analyzes the contents and features of the thought of temperament in Han Dynasty from Han's documentations and has found that the thought of temperament in Han Dynasty has something compatible with the theory of astronomy and calendar. Following the thinking that temperament has certain common grounds with the theory of calendar, plus the record of practicing Luli music measurements and calendar together in the Han Dynasty is found in history books, it is obvious that the thought of temperament is closely related with the theory of calendar. The fact that both theory and practice are realized as history books combine ”Luzhi” and ”Lizhi” to become ”Luli Zhi” indicates that there is a trace of thought to follow instead of concluding that the thought of temperament is entirely farfetched.

並列關鍵字

five sounds ； six voices ； Luli music measurements and calendar ； temperament ； the thought of temperament ； Yin-Yang and the five elements