關於日本人教師議論殖民地臺灣公學校唱歌教材之諸問題（1895-1945）－以「折衷」論及「鄉土化」論為焦點

How Japanese Teachers in Public Elementary School Selected Songs/Melodies for the Shoka(唱歌) Curriculum during Japanese Colonial Period (1895-1945): As Viewed from the Perspectives of the Theory of Compromise and the Theory of Localization

劉麟玉(Lin-Yu Liu)

《臺灣音樂研究》 3期 (2006/10) Pp. 45-60

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200610.0003

摘要

本文主要為探討日治時期在臺日人教師和導入唱歌教育過程中，如何思考選用教材的問題。從伊澤修二在日本國內導入唱歌教育以及在臺灣進行國語教育時採取的方針上，我們可設問是否在臺日人教師曾考慮過承襲伊澤在日本採用結合日本固有音樂與西洋音樂之「折衷」的模式？日人教師若曾有「折衷」臺灣音樂的想法，其對臺灣的民間音樂又有何看法？但事實上我們發現，在過去的資料中，僅有少數的日人教師曾提議採取「折衷」的方式，大多數則是較偏向針對唱歌本身的歌詞內容是面適合臺灣兒童而做的論述。而這樣的聲音可說造成臺灣唱歌教材鄉土化的趨勢，即為了提高臺灣兒童對唱歌的興趣，歌詞內容應該選用臺灣本土的鄉土素材，此一聲音也反映在臺灣總督府出版之第二期教科書當中。但關於「折衷」－無論是旋律上結合臺灣音樂與日本音樂，或是結和臺灣音樂與西洋音樂之「折衷」，亦或在日人作曲的旋律上加上臺灣漢文歌詞之「折衷」－，卻未留下實質的影響。

關鍵字

臺灣音樂教育史 ； 唱歌教育 ； 唱歌教材 ； 殖民地教育史

並列摘要

The purpose of this paper is to examine how Japanese teachers chose materials for the Shoka curriculum as they introduced music education colonial Taiwan. The hypotheses, based on the fact that Isawa shuji伊澤修二(the first head of School Affairs Section of the Government-General in Taiwan 臺灣總督府學務部長) ”compromised” both while introducing the Shoka education to Japan and planning to teach Japanese(國語Kokugo) to Taiwanese, are: Did the Japanese teachers in Taiwan consider using Isawa's concept of compromising Taiwanese folk music and Western music? And if so, what did they think about Taiwanese folk music? Our research shows that, except for a small number of Japanese teachers who ”compromised” and made new teaching materials of Shoka, most teachers simply chose original Shoka with Iyrics/poems suitable for Taiwanese children. However, ”localization” could still be traced: in order to attract their students' interest in learning Shoka, Japanese teachers realized the importance of adopting local products and features in the Iyrics. This voice of ”localization” was reflected in the 2nd edition of the Shoka text published by the Government-General in Taiwan. As to the viewpoint of ”compromise” whether it was compromising between Taiwanese and Japanese music or Taiwanese and Western melody, or matching the Chinese poems with original Japanese melody, no substantial influence can be tracked.

並列關鍵字

History of music education in Taiwan ； Shoka education (Japanese music education before the World War II) ； Teaching materials of Shoka education ； History of colonial education