馬蘭阿美族口簧琴與弓琴之比較研究

A Comparative Research of the Jew's Harp and the Musical Bow of Falangaw Amis

孫俊彥(Chun-Yen Sun)

《臺灣音樂研究》 7期 (2008/10) Pp. 33-56

https://doi.org/10.29785/FJMR.200810.0002

摘要

成書於1913年的《蕃族調查報告書》記錄了馬蘭阿美的口簧琴datok及弓琴cifucul ay datok，然而到了1943年黑澤隆朝調查時，只明確記載了稱為datok的弓琴。筆者透過與多位馬蘭老者的訪談後發現，日治末期時口簧琴已經沒落了，僅有1920年以前出生的老人才認識口簧琴，之後的老人只有使用稱為datok的弓琴的經驗，而更年輕的馬蘭人，甚至兩者都不認得了。馬蘭口簧琴與弓琴相似的名稱，透露出兩者的密切關係。馬蘭報導人的回憶也證實了這一點，兩種樂器有著相同的用途，都曾是年輕愛侶傳達情意的樂器。至於口簧琴與弓琴先後式微，則可能與社會風氣的改變、日本政府的統治政策、樂器本身的結構、製作及聲響表現能力等都或多或少有所關係。本文也將從馬蘭報導人的談話情境，嘗試探討當代馬蘭人對於部落政治與傳統文化的態度。

關鍵字

馬蘭阿美 ； 口簧琴 ； 弓琴

並列摘要

The Banzoku Chōsa Hōkokusho published in 1913 records the jew's harp and the musical bow-whose local names are respectively datok and cifuculay datok-in the Falangaw village of the Amis people. However, in Kurosawa Takatomo's investigation in 1943, only the musical bow named datok is officially recorded. By interviewing with the elders in Falangaw, the author found that the jew's harp had already declined during the end of Japanese colonial period, and only those who were born before 1920 may recognize it. The elders born after 1920 merely have the experience of playing the musical bow which is also called datok, and the younger people in Falangaw even cannot recognize both of them.The similarity of the vernacular names of the jew's harp and the musical bow reveals the close relationship between these two instruments. The memories of Falangaw informers also proved that the two instruments share the same purpose: used by young unmarried couples for courting. In addition, the jew's harp and the musical bow had declined one after another, and it may result from the change of social conditions, the rule policy of Japanese govemment, and the structure, manufacture and musical performance of instrument in a way. This article also tried to discuss contemporary Falangaw people's attitude toward tribal politics and traditional culture through the context of the interviews.

並列關鍵字

Falangaw (Malan) Amis ； Jew's harp ； Musical bow