在地聲景與文化識別：談相褒歌為臺灣民歌的意義與價值

民歌，是人民與土地共鳴而成的旋律，透過隨興哼唱與世代傳頌，建立起獨特的地方聲景。其內容大多反映出不同的自然環境、傳唱階層與社會功能，是一個以聲音符號記錄地區歷史文化的載體。筆者在一個偶然的機緣下到了新北市坪林區作社區互動，認識了昔日茶農們工作時所吟唱的歌曲，名為「相褒歌」。相褒歌是以臺語吟唱的山歌，昔日流行於城鄉各地，現今除了澎湖地區，也可見於臺灣北部山區的茶鄉，如坪林、石碇、平溪、雙溪、金山、三峽與南港等地。雖為採茶時的工作歌，卻不僅限於勞動時吟唱，約莫有三分之二的數量都是情歌。歌謠往往是即興式的對唱，歌者藉著歌詠萬物，含蓄地表達內心強烈的感情波瀾。然而，因為社會環境的變遷，娛樂習慣的改變與產業製作方式的不同，這樣的歌曲已逐漸消逝在臺灣茶園風景之中，僅有少數耆老還會哼唱。所幸文史工作者林金城先生多年來穿梭於北臺灣的茶鄉之間，將這些珍貴的文化資產整理成冊，出版了數本著作。書中除了文字與賞析之外也附上了有聲資料，因此筆者除了實地拜訪耆老外，也得以從這些資料中一窺相褒歌的樣貌。本文將闡述相褒歌的歷史淵源與音樂分析，進而探究相褒歌這樣獨特的聲景，對於臺灣文化識別的意義與價值。

關鍵字

相褒歌；臺語；山歌；採茶；聲景

並列摘要

Folk songs are the melody distinguished the people and the land. Through humming and chanting from generation to generation, a unique local soundscape is established. Most of its content reflects different natural environments, singing classes, and social functions. It is also a medium that records regional history and culture with sound symbols. The author went to Pinglin District, New Taipei City for community activities by chance, and got to know the songs, called Sio-Po-Kua, sung by tea farmers when they were working. Sio-Po-Kua is sung in Taiwanese and used to be popular in urban and rural areas. Nowadays, in addition to the Penghu area, it can also be found in the tea villages in the northern mountainous areas of Taiwan, such as Pinglin, Shiding, Pingxi, Shuangxi, Jinshan, Sanzhi, and Nangang districts. Although it is a work song for tea picking, it is not limited to sung during labor. About two-thirds of the song are love songs. The form of Sio-Po-Kua is impromptu duet, in which the singer implicitly expresses the strong emotions in lyrics. However, due to changes in the social environment, Sio-Po-Kua has gradually disappeared in the scenery of Taiwan's tea gardens. Only a few elderly people can still sing. Fortunately, Mr. Lîm Kim-siânn, has traveled between the tea villages of northern Taiwan for many years, organizing these precious cultural assets into a book and publishing several books. In addition to the text and appreciation, the book also contains audio materials. Therefore, in addition to visiting the seniors, the author can also get a glimpse of the appearance of the songs from these materials. This article will explain the historical background and music analysis of Sio-Po-Kua, and then address the significance and value of the unique soundscape of Sio-Po-Kua for the recognition of Taiwanese culture.

並列關鍵字

Sio-Po-Kua ； Taiwanese ； Folk Songs ； Tea Picking ； Soundscape

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