中古佛經情緒心理動詞反映之雙音化現象

The Chinese Mental Verbs in Mediaeval Buddhist Scriptures of the Biphones Reflection

李昱穎(Yu-Ying Lee)

《漢學研究集刊》 10期 (2010/06) Pp. 127-154

https://doi.org/10.7045/YJCS.201006.0127

摘要

從詞彙角度切入，中古所指爲東漢魏晉南北朝。在當時那個充滿變動世代裡，要瞭解其文化、思想、語言等範疇，漢譯佛經都是不容忽視的重要材料。佛經詞彙具有重要的研究價值，更有多樣的研究面向，近年來，海峽兩岸學者致力探討佛經對於漢語詞彙產生的重大影響，清晰了中古佛經在漢語詞彙史的地位。
上古至中古時期間，漢語由單音節爲主的詞彙結構轉爲雙音節、三音節結構，此一特點在用以宣揚佛法而具口語化特色的佛經裡更能充分展現。故筆者以「雙音化」爲題，並進而觀察在詞彙組合之際產生的「並列結構同素異序」問題。以期對於中古漢語及佛經語言研究工作有所裨益。
本文討論的焦點是情緒心理動詞，所指爲人類用以表達喜怒哀樂情感的動詞。以此爲題的目的大抵有二：其一爲心理動詞本爲動詞的重要小類，自呂叔湘提出獨立一類以來，大陸學者多有討論，然而，在台灣研究成果裡，則多側重於現代漢語材料，筆者以爲古漢語心理動詞實有進一步的觀察必要；其次，情感活動伴隨生命終始，語言爲人類傳承的文明載體，幾千年來，人類在科技發展突飛猛進，在情感大海卻未能向前游進多少。情感內容的始終不變，語言面貌的嬗遞變化。本文採討的就是漢語裡表示情感活動動詞的斷代演變歷史。

關鍵字

佛經語言 ； 心理動詞 ； 雙音化 ； 同素異序 ； 中古佛經

並列摘要

From Chinese words side, the mediaeval world in China including three dynasties: Eastern Han Dynasty, Western Jin Dynasty and Southern and Northern Dynasties. In that changeable world, Chinese-translated Buddhist Scripture is a very important material to understand the culture, thinking and language of that period.
Buddhist words have a big value to study, currently, a lot savants of the two sides across the Taiwan Strait studies the influence of Buddhist scriptures on Chinese words, make clear the position of mediaeval Buddhist scripture in Chinese words history.
From ancient to mediaeval ancient time, Chinese words structure have changed from monosyllable to disyllable and trisyllable, this feature of oralization was used to preach the Buddh's teachings and let it fully expressed.
”Biphones” is the main theme of this paper, in order to find out ”the Two-Word Coordinative Construction of Different Word Order ' problem during words composition.
This paper is focusing on the analysis of ”Chinese Mental Verbs”, that means the verbs could express human been emotion. And it divides in two categories:
1. Phrases from mental verbs, it is classified by 呂叔湘 like a independent category, China savants have some papers regarding this theme. But Taiwanese research prefers modern Chinese subjects, I think the ancient Chinese mental verbs need to have a new study.
2. The activity of emotion always follow us, language is human been civilization carrier. Human been progress fast in technology, but in the sea of emotion, our improvement is limited. The content of emotion is unchanged, but the language we used has modified rapidly.
And the main purpose of this paper is an analysis on the development of Chinese mental verbs in a period history.

並列關鍵字

the language of the Buddhist scriptures ； Mental Verbs ； Biphones ； Same Morphemes But in a Reversed Sequence ； Mediaeval Buddhist Scriptures