邵雍「以物觀物」與「即物明理」之哲理詩觀

本文旨在分析邵雍「哲理詩」對於文哲之會通，其詩材多由生活境遇所觸發，所論述之目標則為超世之義理。邵雍以「誠」為修養心性的起點，故所詠之「物」為具體譬喻的媒介，將賦詩視為澄明思慮的修養之道，其「理」並非是主觀情感的介入與安排，而是相對淡化情緒的興發，通過譬喻方式說明人生議題，理學家之哲理詩運用由外而內、即物言理的闡述，除卻個人情感，使萬物如其所如、自顯其理。其借詩說理的方式帶動理學家賦詩之風，將哲理融會於詩作，奠定宋詩好發議論、好說理的特質，影響詩壇尚理風氣，以詩探尋天理與物理，運用詩歌之取景、造境的「情境建構」，建立起萬物圖像式的內在聯結。因此本文次邵雍「哲理詩」，說明其刻意不限聲律、不立固必的的隨意創作原則，界定擊壤體之風格，再由「以物觀物」分析相對於「以我觀物」的觀看方式，探究詠物詩探究比興喻體，分析哲理詩之易學根源，通過物我界限的消弭，完成詩歌由情到理的過渡，詩中所述之「物」乃是用以臂喻抽象之道的載體，因此以「即物明理」說明邵雍以「理」為核心的詩歌創作，並以此「理」使萬物復歸其位、各顯其道。

關鍵字

宋詩；邵雍；哲理詩；擊壤集；以物觀物

並列摘要

This article aims to analyze Shao Yong's ＂philosophical poems＂ for the integration of literature and philosophy. Most of his poems are triggered by life situations, and the goal discussed is the transcendental principles. Shao Yong takes ＂sincerity＂ as the starting point for cultivating his character, so the ＂things＂ he chants are concrete metaphors, and poetry is regarded as a way of cultivating clarification and consideration, and his ＂li＂ is not the intervention and arrangement of subjective emotions. Rather, it relatively dilutes the rise of emotions and uses metaphors to explain life issues. The philosophical poems, that is, the exposition of the theory of matter, in addition to personal emotions, so that everything is as it is and self-evident. It uses the way of poetry and reasoning to drive the poetic style of Confucianism, integrates philosophy into poetry, establishes the characteristics of Song poetry that are easy to comment and reason, and influences the style of reasoning in the poetry world. It uses poetry to explore the principles of nature and physics, and use poetry. The ＂situational construction＂ of framing and creating a scene establishes the internal connection of all things in the form of images. Therefore, in this article, Shao Yong's ＂philosophical poetry＂ explains his deliberately non-compliance with the principle of random creation without subjective intervention, defines the style of hitting the loam body, and then analyzes the ＂observation of the object with the object＂ versus the ＂observation of the object with me＂ The way of viewing, through the elimination of the boundary between things and self, completes the transition of poetry from emotion to reason. However, the ＂thing＂ in the poem is a carrier used to metaphorically abstract the way. Therefore, Shao Yong is explained as ＂that is, the truth of things＂. Poetry creation with ＂reason＂ as the core, and using this ＂reason＂ to return everything to its place and show its own way.