輕量型輪椅與仰躺式輪椅之三維重心測量研究

輪椅重心與使用者之間的相對位置關係，對於使用輪椅從事活動時的整體穩定度及安全性影響甚鉅，甚至與導致翻倒意外之發生習習相關。雖然目前市售輪椅種類繁多且配件多元，卻尚無客觀測量做為輪椅調整之安全準則。因此本研究目的以臨床常見之輕量型輪椅及仰躺式輪椅重心位置的計算，來幫助了解其輪椅使用上的安全依據。本研究分別測量14、16及18吋之輕量型輪椅的重心以及仰躺式輪椅於靠背在坐正90度、傾躺120度及160度的重心分佈。過程中以木板作為支撐平台，利用動作分析系統以及測力板求出輪椅前後剖面，左右剖面，上下剖面的重心位置。結果發現，輪椅前後方向重心皆落於後輪軸心前上方位置，並落在兩側後輪軸心之中點上。輕量型輪椅會依座寬尺寸增加，重心會愈偏向後輪軸心的位置。而仰躺式輪椅則隨著靠背後躺角度增加時，重心會向後及向下偏移，愈靠向後輪軸心。本研究結果提供治療師一個明確量化的數據，指出不同座寬尺寸及改變靠背傾躺的角度，對於輪椅本身重心之影響，治療師可就此變化來教導輪椅使用者或照顧者，在操作輪椅時應注意的安全部份，以避免因失去重心所造成翻倒的危機。

關鍵字

重心；仰躺式輪椅；後輪軸心

並列摘要

The relationship between the center of gravity (CoG) of a wheelchair and the user has a significant influence on the stability and the safety. It even could relate to the occurrence of rear-tipping accidents. Although a variety of wheelchair models and parts are available on the market, there is still a lack of safety guidelines for wheelchair adjustments. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to estimate the location of CoG among lightweight wheelchairs and reclining wheelchairs. We measured the CoG of wheelchairs with 14, 16 and 18 inches seat widths, and the CoG of a reclining wheelchair with seat angles of 90, 120, 160 degrees. A motion analysis system and a force plate with a piece of wood were used to estimate the CoG in three dimensional planes. The results indicated that the CoG was located at the top position before the rear hubs, and the mid-position of rear hubs. With increase of seat widths, the CoG was close to the rear hubs. Moreover, as recline angle of backrest increased, the CoG would be shifted backward and downward. The results from this study provided accurate quantitative data for therapists to identify the relationship between the CoG and seat widths or seat inclination angles. Therapists could educate the wheelchair users or caregivers to make the maneuverability of wheelchairs much safer without losing balance based on this finding.

並列關鍵字

Center of gravity ； Reclining wheelchairs ； Rear hubs

國際替代計量

輕量型輪椅與仰躺式輪椅之三維重心測量研究

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