Time Use in Physical Activity and Developmental Status among Young Children

幼兒身體活動的時間運用和發展狀況

林玲伊(Ling-Yi Lin)

《臺灣職能治療研究與實務雜誌》 16卷2期 (2020/12) Pp. 13-22

https://doi.org/10.6534/jtotrp.202012_16(2).0002

摘要

Literature on time use in physical activity in young children under the age of three is scant. The purposes of this study were to extend current knowledge on time use in physical activity for young Taiwanese children, and to examine its relationship with developmental status. Two hundred fifty-seven children aged between 15 and 35 months old were recruited, with 152 children with developmental delay and 105 children with typical development. The children's developmental status was identified by the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-Second Edition. The modified Preschool-aged Children's Physical Activity Questionnaire was used to assess the level of physical activity. All young children spent 24.8 minutes per day in physical activity. Children with typical development spent on physical activity with an average of 31.8 minutes per day. The amount was insufficient. Typically developing children spent significantly more time participating in physical activity per week compared with children with developmental delay. The presence of developmental delays was correlated with less time in physical activity. Children of highly educated parents and who were cared for by parents spent more time engaging in physical activities than those of parents with lower education levels and cared for by nonparental care providers. Less time used in physical activity among young children may be associated with the presence of delayed development of young children. Pediatric occupational therapists are encouraged to explain to parents and caregivers the importance of physical activity and recommend adequate home-based physical activities for young children under three years old. Future study using objective devices to measure physical activity and classified samples are needed.

關鍵字

physical activity ； developmental status ； young children

並列摘要

關於三歲以下幼兒身體活動時間運用的文獻非常稀少。這個研究的目的是了解目前台灣幼兒的身體活動時間運用情況，並檢驗其與發展狀況的關係。本研究招募了257名年齡在15至35個月之間的兒童，包含152位發展遲緩兒童和105位典型發展兒童。研究工具為貝利嬰兒發展量表第二版和學齡前幼兒身體活動量表修訂版。所有幼兒每天花費24.8分鐘進行身體活動，典型發展的兒童平均每天花費31.8分鐘，與國外建議的幼兒身體活動量相比較明顯不足。與發展遲緩的兒童相比，典型發展的兒童通常每週花費較多的時間參加身體活動。發展遲緩的情況與較少的身體活動時間有顯著的相關性。當幼兒的父母教育程度較高，並且由父母照顧的時候，花費較多的時間從事身體活動。幼兒進行身體活動的時間較少，可能與幼兒發展遲緩有關。本研究結果鼓勵兒童職能治療師向父母和照顧者解釋兒童身體活動時間運用的重要性，並建議三歲以下的幼兒在家裡進行足夠的時間從事身體活動。未來研究需要使用客觀的工具可以較為準確的測量身體活動量和區分受試者發展遲緩的類別。

並列關鍵字

身體活動 ； 發展狀況 ； 幼兒