紅龍果春季短截後之芽體萌發物候期

The Phenology of Buds Resulted from Heading Cut of Red Pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) in Spring

江一蘆(Yi-Lu Jiang) ； 楊雯如(Wen-Ju Yang)

《臺灣園藝》 61卷1期 (2015/03) Pp. 45-54

摘要

為了解自然環境下紅龍果開花生理，本試驗於2006年2月至5月間，即春分前後、短長日交替時期，每月於屏東高樹鄉，選取甫成熟枝條於遠軸端短截10%的長度促使芽體萌發。新萌發之芽體根據外部型態、刺座與鱗片之排列可區分成典型枝條、部分呼喚型枝條、部分呼喚型花苞以及典型花苞。各類芽體的物候期與萌出時間有明顯的關聯，四種芽體出現趨勢，依次為典型枝條、部分呼喚型枝條、部分呼喚型花苞及典型花苞。典型枝條主要萌生於5月下旬之前，其萌生伴隨著部分呼喚型枝條及花苞之萌生，而典型花苞的出現趨勢恰與前三型芽體相反，且短截對四月份出現的芽體型態變化影響最劇。此外，對照組枝條，在4月之前達成熟之枝條在試驗期間有營養芽抽出，而之後月份成熟的枝條則無。整體而言，芽體的物候期顯示3至4月為芽體型態轉變的關鍵期，而春分（3月21日）亦在此段時間之中。部分呼喚型花苞在5月27日以後急速驟減而典型花苞則穩定增加，顯示春分後8週可能為完成花芽呼喚的關鍵。

關鍵字

日長 ； 春分 ； 花芽誘導 ； 花芽呼喚 ； 部分花芽呼喚

並列摘要

To understand the flowering physiology of red pitaya (Hylocereus spp.) under natural conditions, the experiment was conducted in continuous 4 months between February and May of 2006, the period flanking spring equinox when the daylength was getting longer. Four types of buds were emerged after forcing by heading cut 10% of their length and the newly matured shoots were selected and observed monthly. The newly emerged buds were divided into 4 types including normal shoot buds (S), partial evocation shoot buds (PS), partial evocation flower buds (PF), and normal flower buds (F) according to the phenotype and the arrangement of areole and bracts. The phenology revealed that the emergence of the buds from early to late was S, PS, PF, and F accordingly. S mainly emerged before the end of May accompanying the emergence of PS and PF while the emerging tendency of F was opposite to S, PS, and PF. The effect of heading cut on bud types was most severe on the shoots emerged in April. In addition, the control (without heading cut) shoots that matured before April emerged vegetative buds (S and PS) but those matured after April did not. In general, the period between March and April, flanking spring equinox (21 March) was critical to bud types. Besides, the appearance of PF decreased sharply after May 27 while F increased steadily, indicating that 8 weeks after spring equinox might be a critical timing to fulfill flower evocation.

並列關鍵字

daylength ； spring equinox ； floral induction ； floral evocation ； partial floral evocation