陶弘景養性延命思維和方法探析

陶弘景的養性延命思維和方法，深受道教學說的影響。他把生病的原因歸之為邪氣，人要規避邪氣的侵襲。風寒暑濕，饑飽勞逸，隨其虛實冷熱，結以成病，病又相生，故流變遂廣。治療疾病，必須找准病因，然後才能對症下藥。療寒以熱藥，療熱以寒藥，飲食不消以吐下藥，鬼疰蟲毒以毒藥，癰腫瘡瘤以瘡藥，痹證以袪風寒濕藥，普應觀察虛實、男女、老少、苦藥、榮悴、鄉壤、風俗、兼顧寡婦、僧尼、妻妾等，各隨共宜。調護與防治的方法眾多，統屬內修與外養，重在養神與煉形，守一、存思、行氣、導引、按摩、服食等。既有繼承，又有創新，對今天人們的健身防病仍然有重要作用。

關鍵字

養生；延命；守一；存思；行氣；導引；按摩；服食；道教

並列摘要

Tao Hongjing's thinking and methods of preserving health and prolonging life�� influenced by Taoist immortal theory. He believes that the cause is the natural climate change anomalies. To avoid the wind, cold, heat, humidity and other natural factors. Hunger, food stagnation, overwork, excessive comfort, lack of physical exercise, will lead to physical decline disease. The disease may continue to deteriorate. Treatment of disease, need a clear diagnosis, an antidote against the disease. The treatment of cold syndrome, the use of thermal properties of herbs. Treatment of heat syndrome, using cold nature herbs. Patients with the treatment of dyspepsia, using digestive herbs. The treatment of arthritis patients, the use of wind, cold, wet eliminating herbs. Also consider gender, age, physical, mental state, city, countryside, customs, habits, etc. Proper attention to the patient's identity, such as widowers, widows, monks, nuns, wives, concubines, and treat them respectively. A lot of his health and disease prevention method, sum up�� belonging to the spiritual training and exercise, and Qigong, massage, food nursed back to health. Both inheritance and innovation, today's people's fitness and disease prevention is still an important reference value.