石油危機的影響－以汽車業為例

台灣原油99%都須仰賴外國進口，作為全球經濟發展的操控，原油價格的漲跌動見觀瞻。油價上漲頻率之高，牽動民生物資一起喊漲，面臨經濟不景氣，油價的價差如此之大，究竟是供給減少？抑或是市場炒作？過去的三次石油危機，導因於戰爭使石油供應驟然減少，短缺恐慌引發油價飆升。而2004年美元貶值，削弱油國組織購買力。隨著油產減少，環保意識抬頭，何者可以取代石油，使日常生活，特別是汽車業，不受制於油價的巨幅波動，是為本文研究之目的。油價大幅波動固然重組世界油產供銷格局，催生能源合作的機會；同時，主要消費國重新審視能源戰略，採取更有效措施確保石油安全。此外，新興國家在石油資本市場上更是游刃有餘。但油價的漲跌對汽車產業而言，彷彿是景氣的寒暑表，替代能源以及省油設計，是市場爭奪商機的利器，因此油電混合車、柴油車、氫能源的研發因應而生。就此觀之，諸如這些新的發明與思維的重新定向，無不拜石油危機之所賜。

關鍵字

石油危機；油國組織；油電混合車；柴油車；氫能源

並列摘要

99% of crude oil is imported inbound in Taiwan. As the lifeline of economic development, the price of oil catches most attention worldwide. How did the price fluctuation come? Shortage or market maneuver? Three fourth oil crises came from wars that lessened its supply. The recent one happened as the depreciation of U.S. Dollar that weakened the consumption ability of OPEC. In the wake of supply shortage and environment protection, what substitute might make life easier, especially for automobile industry, deserves a better attention, thus makes the intention of this research. Price fluctuation undoubtedly reorganizes the supply and demand in oil market yet urges the cooperation chance, reviews the energy strategy and ensures a more secure oil supply. Emerging economies make a great profit in oil capital but automobile industry is having difficult days. Substitute energy and saving-oil device become eminent in this industry. hybrid and diesel-fuel vehicles, hydrogen energy realize those ideas. On this prospect, those devise and change in energy strategy were born to meet this need.