回歸中世紀理性主義：施特勞斯的「古特曼評論」與神學－政治問題

Returning to the Medieval Rationalism: Leo Strauss's Comments on Die Philosophie des Judentums and the Theologico-Political Problem

劉振(Liu Zhen)

《漢語基督教學術論評》 25期 (2018/06) Pp. 129-150

摘要

施特勞斯1935年在《哲學與律法》中發表了對古特曼《猶太哲學》的評論。施特勞斯認為，古特曼宗教哲學的意圖是藉助中世紀猶太哲學調和正統與啟蒙的對立，但是，由於古特曼的構想決定性地受制於啟蒙近代以來的哲學傳統，尤其是柯亨的新康徳主義哲學，他不可能真正回到以邁蒙尼德為代表的猶太教中世紀理性主義。借助與古特曼的爭論，施特勞斯揭示了現代神學－政治問題的根源及其可能的解決方案。施特勞斯認為邁蒙尼德理性主義的實質是柏拉圖的神法觀點，這種藉助神法觀念理解啟示的理性主義提供了哲學應對啟示宗教挑戰的原初視域。在施特勞斯看來，只有基於這種超出了啟蒙理性主義的原初視域，才有可能解決現代神學－政治困境。

關鍵字

施特勞斯 ； 古特曼 ； 柏拉圖 ； 哲學 ； 神學

並列摘要

In his Philosophy and Law Leo Strauss published his comments on Julius Guttmann's Die Philosophie des Judentums. Strauss considers Guttmann's ＂philosophy of religion＂ as intended to reconcile the antagonism between the orthodoxy and the Enlightenment by virtue of the medieval Jewish philosophy. Guttmann, however, can not truly return to the medieval Jewish rationalism as exemplified by Moses Maimonides because his philosophy of religion is determined by the tradition of philosophy since the Enlightenment, especially Hermann Cohen's Neo-Kantianism. By arguing with Guttmann Strauss reveals the root of the modern theologico-political predicament and its possible solution. Strauss believes that Plato's conception of divine laws is the very essence of Maimonides' rationalism which, as a rationalism understanding revelation by means of that conception, suggests the original horizon of understanding the challenge of revelation to philosophy. For Strauss only this original horizon that transcends the enlightenment rationalism supplies the possibility of overcoming the modern theologico-political predicament.

並列關鍵字

Strauss ； Guttmann ； Plato ； philosophy ； theology

參考文獻

邁爾 Heinrich Meier。《古今之爭中的核心問題：施米特的學說與施特勞斯的論題》Die Lehre Carl Schmitts und das Thema von Leo Strauss。劉小楓 Liu Xiao Feng 編，林國基 Lin Guoji 等譯。北京 [Beijing]：華夏出版社 [Huaxia Publishing House]，2004。

Adorisio, Chiara. "Philosophy of Religion or Political Philosophy? The Debate between Leo Strauss and Julius Guttmann." European Journal of Jewish Studies 1 (2007): 135–55.

Beiser, Frederick C. The Fate of Reason: German Philosophy from Kant to Fichte. Boston: Harvard University Press, 1987.

Chacón, Rodrigo. "On a Forgotten Kind of Grounding: Strauss, Jacobi, and the Phenomenological Critique of Modern Rationalism." Review of Politics 76 (September: 2014): 589–618.

Cohen, Hermann. Jüdische Schriften. Volume 2. Edited by Bruno Strauß. Berlin: Schwetschke, 1924.