走出實驗室－抗戰時期農產促進委員會的農業推廣事業(1938-1944)

Walking out of the Laboratory-Agricultural Extension Enterprises of the Agricultural Production Promotion Committee during the War of Resistance against Japan (1938-1944)

李力庸(Li-Yung Lee)

《兩岸發展史研究》 6期 (2008/12) Pp. 25-70

摘要

抗戰前，中國的中央與地方，研究、教育與推廣機關權責未能清楚劃分，所以農業機構仍維持清末以來各行其是的狀態。抗戰後，國民政府為了促進農業產能，在1938年成立農產促進委員會專司農業推廣工作。其推廣方式是協助地方建立完備的推廣機構，透過農產促進委員會的安排，與研究、教育單位合作，使地方能分享新農技。抗戰時期，農產促進委員會最重要的貢獻是由點到面，由省到縣建立層級分明的推廣系統。農產促進委員會補助地方經費、派駐人才，並提供推廣材料，然不干涉地方。這種柔性輔導在戰爭時期過於理想，導致地方各級推廣機構存在質量趕不上數量的現象。不過，農產促進委員會的設置，代表政府在抗戰時期對農業推廣的重視，在原來雜亂無章的農業推廣系統中區隔出研究、教育與推廣三者分流而治，但相互支援的三位一體關係。

關鍵字

農業推廣 ； 農業試驗 ； 農業教育 ； 糧食

並列摘要

Prior to the outbreak of the War of Resistance against Japan, the responsibility and accountability of Chinese government research, education, and extension organs at both the central and local levels were not clearly differentiated, with agricultural agencies continuing to function as they had since the late Qing dynasty. After the war broke out, in the interests of promoting agricultural productivity, the KMT Government formed the Agricultural Production Promotion Committee (APPC) in 1938 to specialize in executing the task of agricultural extension by assisting local governments in establishing suitable extension agencies. Through the efforts of the APPC, local agencies cooperated with research and educational organizations and shared new agricultural technologies. During wartime, the main contribution of the APPC was to set up a hierarchical extension system from provinces to counties. The APPC provided funds, dispatched experts, and offered extension materials to help local agencies, but the Committee did not interfere with their internal affairs. However, this soft guidance and assistance was too idealized, and resulted in the quality of local extension agencies declining at the same time as their number rapidly increased. Despite these problems though, the foundation of the APPC revealed that the Government did pay considerable attention to agricultural extension during the War of Resistance against Japan. The originally chaotic agricultural extension system was segmented into sections for research, education, and extension, which operated independently but according to a trilateral relationship for supporting each other.

並列關鍵字

agricultural extension ； agricultural research ； agricultural education ； food