災難中兒童的需求、脆弱性與復原力

Children's Needs, Vulnerability, and Resilience in Disaster

唐景俠(Jing-Shia Tang) ； 張心怡(Hsin-Yi Chang) ； 陳思穎(Szu-Yin Chen) ； 馮瑞鶯(Jui-Ying Feng)

《源遠護理》 11卷3期 (2017/11) Pp. 16-23

https://doi.org/10.6530/YYN/2017.5.10

摘要

災難的巨大破壞與衝擊，對於每個受到影響的個體都是極具壓力，對兒童來說亦然。然而，目前的法律、政策、社會服務大多針對一般成年人制定和規劃，兒童在災難中的特殊需求及權利並未受到重視。兒童因為身心發展的獨特性使其照護需求極具挑戰性，在災難事件中是易受傷害卻也最具潛力的族群。本文分析不同階段兒童的生理與心理特徵，瞭解當災難發生時對兒童所造成影響層面之異同，並針對兒童之防災準備規劃及災後復原進行探討，分別說明災難之前期（減災、備災）、中期（反應期）與後期（復原期）各階段兒童之特殊需求和照護。期以本文提供健康照護人員及教育者在面對、處理各階段兒童的災難規劃、準備與處置之參考，並作為減少災難對兒童負向影響相關政策制定之依據。

關鍵字

災難 ； 兒童需求 ； 脆弱性 ； 復原力 ； 防災準備

並列摘要

The extensive destruction and impact of disasters are extremely stressful for every single affected individual, as well as for children. The existing policies and regulations on disaster preparedness and management are mainly designed for adults' needs. Children's specific needs and rights regarding disasters are often overlooked. Children are not only vulnerable but also resilient during and after disasters due to their unique developmental characteristics and needs, which make caring for them during disasters very challenging. In this review article, we analyze the unique physical and psychological characteristics of children and the impacts of disasters across their different developmental stages. Children's specific needs and related care in pre-incident (disaster mitigation/ preparedness), incident (response), and post-incident (recovery) periods are also discussed. This review grants healthcare providers and educators useful and insightful information to design programs on disaster planning, preparedness, and management for children. Public policies designed to decrease the negative impact of disasters on children are needed.

並列關鍵字

disaster ； children’s needs ； vulnerability ； resilience ； disaster preparedness

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